NDA Current Affairs Quiz — All time
Daily news by your exam, state and topic — each with a short summary, key facts and MCQs.
INS Teg's port call from 26 to 30 June 2025, during its deployment to the South West Indian Ocean Region, was at which port?
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Correct answer: D — Port Victoria, Seychelles
PIB: INS Teg entered Port Victoria, Seychelles, for a port call scheduled from 26 to 30 June 2025.
At what time (IST) did Axiom Mission 4 lift off on 25 June 2025, according to ISRO?
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Correct answer: B — 12:01 IST
ISRO: the mission lifted off from Launch Complex 39A at the Kennedy Space Centre at 12:01 Hrs IST aboard a SpaceX Falcon 9.
Which ISRO astronaut from the Gaganyaan pool was nominated as the backup crew member for Axiom Mission 4?
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Correct answer: C — Prashanth B. Nair
ISRO: Prashanth B. Nair, also an ISRO astronaut from the Gaganyaan pool, was nominated as the backup crew member.
ISRO said the Axiom-4 mission follows the legacy of international cooperation that sent Rakesh Sharma to space in 1984. Aboard which spacecraft did he fly?
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Correct answer: A — Soviet Soyuz
ISRO: the mission follows the legacy of international cooperation that sent Rakesh Sharma to space in 1984 aboard the Soviet Soyuz.
Consider the following statements about the launch of Axiom Mission 4: 1. The mission lifted off from Launch Complex 39A at the Kennedy Space Center. 2. It was launched aboard a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket. 3. A launch scheduled on 19 June 2025 had been called off before the eventual launch. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
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Correct answer: D — 1, 2 and 3
ISRO: all three are correct. Lift-off was from LC-39A, KSC, on a Falcon 9, and the launch scheduled on 19 June was called off to resolve issues.
To what amount did EPFO raise the auto-settlement limit for advance claims in June 2025?
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Correct answer: C — ₹5 lakh
PIB: EPFO increased the auto-settlement limit for advance claims from the existing ₹1 lakh to ₹5 lakh.
How many advance claims did EPFO process through auto-settlement in FY 2024–25, a record according to the Labour Ministry?
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Correct answer: A — 2.34 crore
PIB: in FY 2024–25 EPFO processed a record 2.34 crore advance claims through auto-settlement, up 161% over the previous year.
What is the minimum investment required from approved applicants under SPMEPCI?
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Correct answer: B — ₹4,150 crore
PIB: approved applicants would be required to make a minimum investment of Rs. 4,150 crore (₹4,150 crore).
Under SPMEPCI, approved applicants may import completely built-up electric four-wheelers with a minimum CIF value of USD 35,000 at what reduced customs duty?
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Correct answer: C — 15%
PIB: approved applicants can import CBUs of e-4W with a minimum CIF value of USD 35,000 at a reduced customs duty of 15% for 5 years.
Consider the following statements about SPMEPCI: 1. The scheme was notified on 15 March 2024. 2. Its detailed guidelines were issued through Notification S.O. 2450(E) dated 2 June 2025. 3. The application portal opened on 24 June 2025 will remain open until 21 October 2025. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
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Correct answer: D — 1, 2 and 3
PIB: the scheme was notified on 15 March 2024, guidelines were issued via S.O. 2450(E) dated 02.06.2025, and the portal is open from 24 June 2025 until 21 October 2025. All three are correct.
Who authorised the CDS & Secretary, Department of Military Affairs, to issue Joint Instructions and Joint Orders for the three Services in June 2025?
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Correct answer: D — Raksha Mantri
PIB: Raksha Mantri Rajnath Singh authorised the CDS & Secretary, DMA, to issue Joint Instructions and Joint Orders for all three Services.
Consider the following statements: 1. Before June 2025, instructions or orders pertaining to two or more Services were issued by each Service separately. 2. The first Joint Order, released on 24 June 2025, was on 'Approval, Promulgation and Numbering of Joint Instructions and Joint Orders'. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
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Correct answer: C — Both 1 and 2
PIB: the change marks a shift from the earlier system in which Instructions/Orders pertaining to two or more Services were issued by each Service separately, and the first Joint Order on 'Approval, Promulgation and Numbering of Joint Instructions and Joint Orders' was released on 24 June 2025. Both are correct.
Where was the 9th India–South Africa Joint Defence Committee meeting held on 23–24 June 2025?
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Correct answer: C — Johannesburg
PIB: the 9th Joint Defence Committee (JDC) meeting was held in Johannesburg on June 23 & 24, 2025.
India–South Africa defence collaboration dates back to an MoU on 'Cooperation in the field of Defence Equipment' signed in which year?
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Correct answer: B — 1996
PIB: defence collaboration dates back to 1996, when the MoU on 'Cooperation in the field of Defence Equipment' was signed; it was upgraded by an MoU in 2000.
Who chairs the Technical Expert Group constituted by MoSPI to guide the all-India Household Income Survey?
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Correct answer: A — Surjit S. Bhalla
PIB: MoSPI constituted a Technical Expert Group under the Chairmanship of Dr. Surjit S. Bhalla, former Executive Director of India, IMF.
In which year was the first survey of the National Sample Survey (NSS) launched, as noted by MoSPI?
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Correct answer: B — 1950
PIB: the first survey was launched in 1950, and since then NSS has provided data-driven insights for policymaking.
To which date was the cut-off for exercising the option under the Unified Pension Scheme extended in June 2025?
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Correct answer: C — 30 September 2025
PIB: the Government decided to extend the cut-off date for exercising the option for UPS by three months, i.e., up to 30th September 2025 (30 September 2025).
Consider the following statements about the Unified Pension Scheme (UPS): 1. UPS was notified by the Ministry of Finance on 24 January 2025. 2. PFRDA notified the regulations operationalising UPS under NPS on 1 April 2025. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
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Correct answer: A — 1 only
PIB: UPS was notified by the Ministry of Finance on 24 January 2025, but PFRDA notified the operationalisation regulations on 19 March 2025, not 1 April 2025. So 1 only.
SECI's green ammonia tender, highlighted on 23 June 2025, calls for the supply of how much green ammonia annually?
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Correct answer: B — 7,24,000 tonnes
PIB: the tender calls for production and supply of 724,000 tonnes (7,24,000 tonnes) of green ammonia annually across 13 fertilizer plants.
Under which scheme component has SECI issued its green ammonia tender for fertilizer plants?
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Correct answer: A — SIGHT Scheme Mode 2A, Tranche I
PIB: the tender is under the Strategic Interventions for Green Hydrogen Transition (SIGHT) Scheme Mode 2A, Tranche I.
Consider the following statements about SECI's green ammonia tender: 1. SECI is a Navratna CPSU under the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy. 2. SECI will sign offtake agreements for a 10-year contract period. 3. The tender covers supply to 13 fertilizer plants. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
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Correct answer: D — 1, 2 and 3
PIB: SECI is a 'Navratna' CPSU under MNRE; it will sign long-term offtake agreements over a 10-year contract period; supply is across 13 fertilizer plants. All three are correct.
Where was the India-Africa Commemorative Pillar unveiled on 23 June 2025?
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Correct answer: D — Mile 27, Taita Taveta County
PIB: Sanjay Seth and Roselinda Soipan Tuya jointly unveiled the India-Africa Commemorative Pillar at Mile 27, Taita Taveta County, Kenya.
The India-Africa Commemorative Pillar in Kenya honours soldiers who died in which conflict?
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Correct answer: A — World War I in the East African theatre
PIB: the ceremony honoured unknown Indian and African soldiers who laid down their lives during World War I in the East African theatre.
Where was the 40th anniversary of the Air India Kanishka bombing commemorated on 23 June 2025, with Hardeep Singh Puri in attendance?
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Correct answer: A — Ahakista, Cork, Ireland
PIB: Hardeep Singh Puri spoke at the commemoration of the 40th anniversary of the Air India Flight 182 (Kanishka) bombing in Ahakista, Cork, Ireland.
How many people on board were killed when the Kanishka aircraft was destroyed by a bomb on 23 June 1985?
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Correct answer: C — 329
PIB: Air India Flight 182 was destroyed mid-air by a bomb planted by Canada-based terrorists, killing all 329 on board, including over 80 children.
The 1985 Kanishka bombing destroyed which Air India flight?
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Correct answer: D — Flight 182
PIB: the commemoration marked the 40th anniversary of the Air India Flight 182 (Kanishka) bombing.
How many net members did EPFO add in April 2025, as per provisional payroll data released on 22 June 2025?
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Correct answer: C — 19.14 lakh
PIB: EPFO's provisional payroll data for April 2025 revealed a net addition of 19.14 lakh members.
Which state led net payroll additions in EPFO's April 2025 data, adding 21.12% of the total?
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Correct answer: D — Maharashtra
PIB: of all the states, Maharashtra is leading by adding 21.12% of net payroll during the month.
What share of EPFO's new subscribers in April 2025 belonged to the 18–25 age group?
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Correct answer: A — 57.67%
PIB: EPFO added 4.89 lakh new subscribers in the 18–25 age group, constituting 57.67% of the total new subscribers added in April 2025.
With which Iranian leader did PM Narendra Modi hold a detailed conversation on the regional situation on 22 June 2025?
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Correct answer: B — Masoud Pezeshkian
PIB: PM Modi held a detailed conversation with the President of Iran, Dr. Masoud Pezeshkian, to discuss the prevailing situation in the region.
During his call with the Iranian President on 22 June 2025, what did PM Modi reiterate as the way forward?
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Correct answer: A — Immediate de-escalation, dialogue and diplomacy
PIB: the PM reiterated the call for immediate de-escalation, dialogue and diplomacy as the way forward and for early restoration of regional peace, security and stability.
INS Teg concluded her port call at which port on 22 June 2025?
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Correct answer: B — Port Louis
PIB: INS Teg concluded her port call at Port Louis, Mauritius on 22 Jun 2025.
During its deployment, INS Teg undertook coordinated surveillance of Mauritius's EEZ mainly to combat which activity?
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Correct answer: D — Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) fishing
PIB: the joint EEZ surveillance with the Mauritius National Coast Guard reaffirmed a commitment to combating Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) fishing.
A technical team from INS Teg helped operationalise a diesel generator on which Mauritius National Coast Guard ship?
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Correct answer: C — CGS Valiant
PIB: on a request from the NCG, a technical team from the ship assisted the crew of CGS Valiant in rectifying a defect and operationalising a diesel generator.
According to the Ministry of Ayush, yoga demonstrations for the 11th International Day of Yoga took place in how many countries?
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Correct answer: D — 191
PIB (Ayush): Globally, yoga demonstrations took place in 191 countries at approximately 1,300 locations outside India.
How many Yoga Sangam events were registered on the Yoga Portal across India for 21 June 2025, as per the Ministry of Ayush?
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Correct answer: A — 13.04 lakh
PIB (Ayush): Across India, 13.04 lakh Yoga Sangam events were registered till June 20th for June 21st on Yoga Portal.
Consider the following statements about the iconic yoga events for IDY 2025: 1. Yoga was performed atop the Chenab Rail Bridge in Jammu and Kashmir. 2. The Andaman and Nicobar Command celebrated yoga at Indira Point, India's southernmost tip. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
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Correct answer: C — Both 1 and 2
PIB (Ayush): Yoga was performed atop the Chenab Rail Bridge (Jammu & Kashmir), and yoga was celebrated at Indira Point by the Andaman & Nicobar Command. So the answer is Both 1 and 2.
How many heritage sites under the Archaeological Survey of India hosted yoga sessions on International Day of Yoga 2025?
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Correct answer: B — 81
PIB (Culture): 81 heritage sites under the aegis of Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) hosted yoga sessions, organised in collaboration with the Ministry of Ayush.
On International Day of Yoga 2025, Prime Minister Modi said, "Let this Yoga Day mark the beginning of ____, where inner peace becomes global policy." Fill in the blank.
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Correct answer: D — Yoga for humanity 2.0
PIB (Culture): The PM said, "Let this Yoga Day mark the beginning of Yoga for humanity 2.0, where inner peace becomes global policy."
How many National Cadet Corps (NCC) cadets took part in synchronised yoga sessions across India on International Day of Yoga 2025?
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Correct answer: A — Over nine lakh
PIB (Defence): Over nine lakh cadets of National Cadet Corps (NCC) participated in synchronised yoga sessions at iconic locations across the country.
By how much did the combined Index of Eight Core Industries grow (provisional) in May 2025 compared with May 2024?
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Correct answer: D — 0.7%
PIB (Commerce): The combined Index of Eight Core Industries increased by 0.7% (provisional) in May, 2025 as compared to May, 2024.
Which of the eight core industries recorded the highest growth in May 2025 over May 2024?
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Correct answer: A — Cement
PIB (Commerce): Cement production increased by 9.2 per cent in May 2025, ahead of steel (6.7%), coal (2.8%) and refinery products (1.1%).
Consider the following statements about the Index of Eight Core Industries: 1. The eight core industries comprise 40.27 per cent of the weight of items included in the Index of Industrial Production (IIP). 2. Electricity has the largest weight among the eight core industries. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
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Correct answer: A — 1 only
PIB (Commerce): The eight core industries comprise 40.27 per cent of the IIP weight. Refinery products have the largest weight (28.04%), ahead of electricity (19.85%). So the answer is 1 only.
According to TRAI's performance indicator report for January–March 2025, what was India's teledensity at the end of March 2025?
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Correct answer: A — 85.04%
PIB (DoT/TRAI): Tele-density in India increased from 84.45% in QE Dec-24 to 85.04% in QE Mar-25.
What was the total number of internet subscribers in India at the end of March 2025, as per TRAI?
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Correct answer: B — 969.10 million
PIB (DoT/TRAI): Total internet subscribers decreased from 970.16 million at the end of Dec-24 to 969.10 million at the end of Mar-25.
Consider the following statements about TRAI's report for January–March 2025: 1. The number of internet subscribers declined during the quarter. 2. Monthly ARPU for wireless service increased during the quarter. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
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Correct answer: C — Both 1 and 2
PIB (DoT/TRAI): Internet subscribers fell 0.11% to 969.10 million, and wireless ARPU rose 0.64% from ₹181.80 to ₹182.95. So the answer is Both 1 and 2.
According to the NeSDA Way Forward report for May 2025, how many e-services in total are provided across States/UTs?
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Correct answer: C — 21,062
PIB (DARPG): A total of 21,062 e-services are provided across States/UTs; the majority (7,065) fall under Local Governance & Utility Services.
Which two States achieved 100% saturation of mandatory e-services according to the NeSDA Way Forward report for May 2025?
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Correct answer: B — Maharashtra and Uttarakhand
PIB (DARPG): 16 States/UTs achieved more than 90% saturation, while Maharashtra and Uttarakhand achieved 100% saturation.
The steel-cutting ceremony held on 19 June 2025 was for which of the five Fleet Support Ships being built for the Indian Navy?
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Correct answer: C — Fourth
PIB (Defence): The steel cutting ceremony of the fourth of the five Fleet Support Ships (FSS) was held at HSL on 19 Jun 2025.
Which shipyard is building the five Fleet Support Ships for the Indian Navy?
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Correct answer: D — Hindustan Shipyard Limited
PIB (Defence): The Indian Navy signed a contract with Hindustan Shipyard Limited (HSL) for acquisition of five Fleet Support Ships in Aug 2023.
Consider the following statements about the Indian Navy's Fleet Support Ships: 1. The contract for five ships was signed in August 2023. 2. Each ship will displace less than 20,000 tons. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
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Correct answer: A — 1 only
PIB (Defence): The contract was signed in Aug 2023, and the ships will have a displacement of more than 40,000 tons, not less than 20,000 tons. So the answer is 1 only.
Where is the 8th edition of the India–France Joint Military Exercise SHAKTI being held from 18 June 2025?
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Correct answer: C — Camp Larzac, La Cavalerie, France
PIB (MoD): The exercise will be conducted at Camp Larzac, La Cavalerie, France from 18 June 2025 to 1 July 2025.
The Indian Army contingent for Exercise SHAKTI-VIII is represented primarily by a battalion of which regiment?
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Correct answer: D — Jammu and Kashmir Rifles
PIB (MoD): The 90-member Indian contingent is represented primarily by a Battalion of the Jammu and Kashmir Rifles.
Consider the following statements about Exercise SHAKTI: 1. It is a biennial training engagement between the Indian and French Armies. 2. The edition beginning on 18 June 2025 is its 8th edition. 3. The 2025 edition focuses on joint operations under Chapter VI of the UN Charter. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
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Correct answer: B — 1 and 2 only
PIB (MoD): SHAKTI is a biennial engagement and the 2025 exercise is its 8th edition; it focuses on operations under Chapter VII, not Chapter VI, of the UN Charter. So the answer is 1 and 2 only.
How many houses were approved under PMAY-Urban 2.0 at the third CSMC meeting held on 18 June 2025?
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Correct answer: D — 2.35 lakh
PIB (MoHUA): 2.35 lakh houses (2,34,864) were approved in nine states during the third CSMC meeting on 18 June 2025.
Consider the following statements about the PMAY-U 2.0 CSMC meeting of 18 June 2025: 1. The houses approved at the meeting are under the BLC and AHP verticals. 2. The meeting was chaired by the Union Minister of Housing and Urban Affairs. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
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Correct answer: A — 1 only
PIB (MoHUA): The approved houses are under the BLC and AHP verticals; the meeting was chaired by MoHUA Secretary Srinivas Katikithala, not the Minister. So the answer is 1 only.
Through how many verticals is PMAY-Urban 2.0 being implemented?
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Correct answer: C — Four
PIB (MoHUA): PMAY-U 2.0 is being implemented through Four verticals – BLC, AHP, Affordable Rental Housing (ARH) and Interest Subsidy Scheme (ISS).
Under which rules will Central Government employees opting for the Unified Pension Scheme get retirement and death gratuity, as clarified on 18 June 2025?
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Correct answer: B — CCS (Payment of Gratuity under National Pension System) Rules, 2021
PIB (DoPPW OM): UPS employees shall be eligible for retirement and death gratuity under the CCS (Payment of Gratuity under National Pension System) Rules, 2021.
Who announced on 18 June 2025 that employees under the Unified Pension Scheme would get gratuity benefits?
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Correct answer: D — Dr Jitendra Singh
PIB (DoPPW): Union Minister Dr Jitendra Singh made the announcement that UPS employees will be eligible for retirement and death gratuity.
From which date was the Unified Pension Scheme made effective as an option under NPS for Central Government civil service recruits?
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Correct answer: A — 1 April 2025
PIB (DoPPW): DFS Notification dated 24.01.2025 introduced the UPS as an option under NPS w.e.f. 01.04.2025, that is 1 April 2025.
PM Narendra Modi's visit to Croatia on 18 June 2025 was significant because it was:
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Correct answer: B — the first-ever visit of an Indian Prime Minister to Croatia
PIB (Leaders' Statement): The visit on 18 June 2025 marked the first-ever visit of an Indian Prime Minister to Croatia.
Who was the Prime Minister of Croatia who held talks with PM Modi in Zagreb on 18 June 2025?
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Correct answer: C — Andrej Plenković
PIB (PMO): PM Modi met the Prime Minister of the Republic of Croatia, Andrej Plenković, in Zagreb.
Consider the following statements about the outcomes of PM Modi's visit to Croatia in June 2025: 1. The ICCR Hindi Chair at the University of Zagreb was renewed. 2. An MoU on Agriculture and Allied Sectors was concluded. 3. India and Croatia signed their first MoU on Defence Cooperation during the visit. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
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Correct answer: B — 1 and 2 only
PIB (Outcomes, Leaders' Statement): The outcomes included renewal of the ICCR Hindi Chair and an MoU on Agriculture and Allied Sectors; the Defence Cooperation MoU dates from 2023 and was only noted. So the answer is 1 and 2 only.
Who is the President of Croatia whom PM Modi met in Zagreb on 18 June 2025?
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Correct answer: A — Zoran Milanović
PIB (PMO): PM Modi met the President of the Republic of Croatia, Zoran Milanović, in Zagreb.
Under the SOP introduced by the ECI on 18 June 2025, EPICs are to be delivered within how many days of an update in the electoral rolls?
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Correct answer: C — 15 days
PIB (ECI): The new SOP enables delivery of EPICs within 15 days of an update in the electoral rolls.
On which platform has the ECI introduced a dedicated IT module for faster EPIC delivery in June 2025?
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Correct answer: B — ECINet
PIB (ECI): For this purpose, ECI has introduced a dedicated IT module on its recently launched ECINet platform.
The Election Commission of India, which introduced the fast-track EPIC delivery SOP, was established on:
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Correct answer: D — 25 January 1950
ECI (eci.gov.in): The Election Commission was established in accordance with the Constitution on 25 January 1950.
What is the award money for each Sahitya Akademi Bal Sahitya Puraskar 2025, announced on 18 June 2025?
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Correct answer: A — ₹50,000
PIB (Culture): The award comprises a casket containing an engraved copper plaque and award money of ₹50,000 (Rs.50,000).
Who received the Sahitya Akademi Bal Sahitya Puraskar 2025 in Hindi, and for which book?
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Correct answer: C — Sushil Shukla for 'Ek Batey Bara'
PIB (Culture, Annexure A): Hindi – Ek Batey Bara (Short Stories) – Sushil Shukla, so Sushil Shukla for 'Ek Batey Bara'.
Who was the Prime Minister of Canada with whom PM Modi held a bilateral meeting at Kananaskis on 17 June 2025?
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Correct answer: B — Mark Carney
PIB (PMO): PM Modi held a bilateral meeting with the Prime Minister of Canada, Mark Carney, on the sidelines of the G7 Summit in Kananaskis.
With which step did India and Canada agree to begin restoring stability in their relationship at the Modi–Carney meeting of June 2025?
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Correct answer: D — Early return of High Commissioners to each other's capitals
PIB (PMO): Both sides agreed to take calibrated and constructive steps to restore stability, beginning with the early return of High Commissioners to each other's capitals.
Consider the following statements about the Modi–Carney meeting of 17 June 2025: 1. It was held on the sidelines of the G7 Summit in Kananaskis, Alberta. 2. It was the second in-person meeting between the two leaders since Carney assumed office. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
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Correct answer: A — 1 only
PIB (PMO): The meeting was held on the G7 sidelines in Kananaskis, Alberta, and it was the first, not second, in-person interaction since Carney assumed office. So the answer is 1 only.
DGFT Notification No. 18/2025-26 dated 17 June 2025 restricts the import of alloys of which metals containing more than 1% gold?
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Correct answer: B — Palladium, Rhodium and Iridium
PIB (Commerce): The notification restricts import of alloys of Palladium, Rhodium, and Iridium containing more than 1% gold by weight.
Under the DGFT notifications of 17 June 2025, alloys containing what share of gold by weight remain freely importable?
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Correct answer: C — Less than 1%
PIB (Commerce): The policy allows free import of alloys containing less than 1% gold.
With DGFT Notification No. 18/2025-26, the import restriction on precious metal alloys now covers which entire Customs Tariff Heading at the 4-digit level?
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Correct answer: A — CTH 7110
PIB (Commerce): The measure expands the platinum restriction to include the entire Customs Tariff Heading (CTH) 7110 at the 4-digit level; CTH 2843 is the separate colloidal metals heading.
Where was the G7 Summit held at which PM Modi addressed the Outreach Session on 17 June 2025?
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Correct answer: A — Kananaskis, Canada
PIB (PMO): PM Modi participated in the Outreach Session of the G7 Summit in Kananaskis, Canada.
PM Modi's address at the G7 Outreach Session on 17 June 2025 was on which theme?
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Correct answer: C — Energy security
PIB (PMO): He addressed a Session on 'Energy Security: diversification, technology and infrastructure to ensure access and affordability in a changing world'.
Consider the following statements about PM Modi's address at the G7 Outreach Session in June 2025: 1. He said India met its Paris commitments ahead of time. 2. He congratulated the G7 on marking 50 years of its journey. 3. He cited the International Solar Alliance and the Global Biofuels Alliance among India's global initiatives. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
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Correct answer: D — 1, 2 and 3
PIB (PMO): Modi said India met its Paris commitments ahead of time, congratulated the G7 on 50 years, and cited ISA, CDRI, Global Biofuels Alliance, Mission LiFE and OSOWOG. All are correct, so the answer is 1, 2 and 3.
At the G7 Outreach Session in June 2025, PM Modi said which four principles underpin India's approach to energy security?
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Correct answer: B — Availability, accessibility, affordability and acceptability
PIB (PMO): He noted that availability, accessibility, affordability and acceptability were the principles that underpinned India's approach to energy security.