Gujarat Current Affairs Quiz — All time
Daily news by your exam, state and topic — each with a short summary, key facts and MCQs.
In the narcotics seizure announced on 30 September 2026, about how much heroin and methamphetamine was seized from an Iranian dhow?
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Correct answer: C — 526 kg
About 526 kg of heroin and methamphetamine worth over ₹3,000 crore was seized.
Consider the following statements about the September 2026 maritime drug seizure: 1. The Iranian dhow was intercepted in the Arabian Sea west of Lakshadweep. 2. The Indian Coast Guard worked with the Anti-Terrorism Squad of Gujarat. Which of the above is/are correct?
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Correct answer: C — Both 1 and 2
The dhow was intercepted west of Lakshadweep, and the ICG acted in coordination with Gujarat ATS.
According to the Annual Survey of Industries 2024-25 (released September 2026), by how much did the Gross Value Added of the registered manufacturing sector grow?
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Correct answer: C — 9.59%
GVA grew by 9.59%; output grew 7.81%, employment 7.19% and fixed capital 10.54%.
As per ASI 2024-25, which state tops the list of the top five states in manufacturing employment?
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Correct answer: C — Tamil Nadu
The release lists Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh and Haryana as the top 5 states in employment, together over 56%.
India's first LNG-powered train was flagged off on 27 September 2026 from which railway station?
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Correct answer: D — Sabarmati
Amit Shah flagged off the country's first LNG-powered train from Sabarmati Railway Station in Ahmedabad.
A maintenance shed for which class of 12,000-hp twin-section locomotives was inaugurated at Sabarmati in September 2026?
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Correct answer: C — WAG-12
Shah inaugurated the WAG-12 maintenance shed; one WAG-12 can haul nearly as much freight as 600 trucks.
Consider the following statements made by Amit Shah at Sabarmati (2026): 1. Railway diesel consumption fell to 108 crore litres in 2024–25. 2. Railway electrification has reached 100%. Which of the above is/are correct?
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Correct answer: A — 1 only
Statement 1 is correct (down from 293 crore litres in 2015–16). Statement 2 is wrong: electrification stands at 99.6%, with 0.4% remaining.
According to the 138th Mann Ki Baat (27 September 2026), data of how many families had been recorded in the first phase of the census?
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Correct answer: C — Over 32 crore
The PM said data of over 32 crore families had already been recorded in the first phase.
In Mann Ki Baat of September 2026, the PM said elephants have returned to which wildlife sanctuary in Assam after encroachment was cleared?
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Correct answer: B — Sonai Rupai
Elephants returned to Sonai Rupai Wildlife Sanctuary three years after the land was cleared of encroachment.
Consider the following statements from the 138th Mann Ki Baat: 1. Ashok Singhal was born on 27 September 1926 in Agra. 2. Assam's pygmy hog programme began with six animals and the population is now over 190. Which of the above is/are correct?
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Correct answer: C — Both 1 and 2
Both are correct as stated by the PM.
India's first port-based e-methanol plant, whose foundation stone was laid on 26 September 2026, is located at which port?
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Correct answer: B — Deendayal Port, Kandla
The plant is coming up at Deendayal Port Authority, Kandla, Gandhidham, Gujarat.
Which company is Deendayal Port Authority's partner in the Kandla e-methanol project?
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Correct answer: D — Assam Petro-Chemicals Ltd
The project is a joint initiative of DPA and Namrup-based Assam Petro-Chemicals Ltd (APCL).
What is the planned total capacity of the Kandla e-methanol plant?
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Correct answer: A — 150 tonnes per day
Total capacity is 150 TPD: Phase I adds 50 TPD and Phase II a further 100 TPD.
Consider the following statements about the Kandla e-methanol plant: 1. Deendayal Port Authority and its partner share capital equally (50:50). 2. The plant is expected to produce e-methanol at about US$1,300 per tonne. Which of the above is/are correct?
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Correct answer: D — Neither 1 nor 2
Both are wrong. The DPA:APCL capital ratio is 76:24, and the expected cost is about US$750 per tonne; US$1,300 is the global rate.
The ₹166.5 crore four-lane Road Over Bridge at Alkapuri approved by Indian Railways in September 2026 is in which city?
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Correct answer: B — Vadodara
The Alkapuri ROB is in Vadodara Division of Western Railway, Gujarat.
President Droupadi Murmu attended the 75th annual convocation of which university on 23 September 2026?
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Correct answer: D — Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara
The President attended the 75th annual convocation of the Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda at Vadodara.
Who received the Dadasaheb Phalke Award for 2024 at the 72nd National Film Awards on 22 September 2026?
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Correct answer: C — Anant Nag
President Droupadi Murmu conferred the Dadasaheb Phalke Award for 2024 on veteran actor Anant Nag.
Where was the 72nd National Film Awards ceremony held?
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Correct answer: B — Ekta Nagar (Kevadia), Gujarat
The ceremony was held at Ekta Nagar (Kevadia), Gujarat, after the I&B Ministry decided to take the awards beyond the national capital.
Which film won Best Feature Film at the 72nd National Film Awards?
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Correct answer: A — Article 370
'Article 370' won Best Feature Film; its lead Yami Gautam won Best Actress.
Consider the following about the 72nd National Film Awards: 1. The Best Actor award was shared by Mammootty and Kartik Aaryan. 2. Randeep Hooda won the Best Debut Director award for 'Swatantrya Veer Savarkar'. Which of the above is/are correct?
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Correct answer: C — Both 1 and 2
Both are correct as per the I&B Ministry release of 8 September 2026.
Where was SEMICON India 2026, inaugurated by PM Modi on 17 September 2026, held?
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Correct answer: B — Yashobhoomi, New Delhi
SEMICON India 2026 was held at Yashobhoomi, New Delhi, from 17 to 19 September.
At SEMICON India 2026, PM Modi virtually inaugurated commercial semiconductor production lines at which two places?
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Correct answer: D — Mohali and Surat
The new lines were at CDIL Semiconductor, Mohali (discrete devices) and Suchi Semicon, Surat (packaging).
According to Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw, how much investment commitment has Semicon 2.0 already received?
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Correct answer: A — About ₹1 lakh crore
Investment commitments of around ₹1 lakh crore (about USD 11–12 billion) have been received under Semicon 2.0.
Consider the following about Semicon 2.0 outlined on 17 September 2026: 1. Advanced semiconductor packaging is one of its six pillars. 2. It is expected to create close to 1 lakh employment opportunities. Which of the above is/are correct?
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Correct answer: C — Both 1 and 2
Both are correct. Advanced packaging is the fourth pillar, and close to 1 lakh jobs are expected.
After the two new lines opened on 17 September 2026, how many commercial semiconductor ATMP units were operational in India, out of how many approved?
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Correct answer: D — 5 of 12
Five ATMP units (CDIL, Suchi, Micron, Kaynes and CG Semi) were operational out of twelve approved.
Where did the World Circular Economy Forum 2026 conclude on 16 September 2026?
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Correct answer: B — Gandhinagar
WCEF2026 concluded in Gandhinagar, Gujarat, after two days.
Which logo was launched at the closing session of the World Circular Economy Forum 2026?
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Correct answer: A — Ecomark logo
The closing session featured the launch of the Ecomark logo.
Which Gati Shakti Cargo Terminal in Kachchh did Ashwini Vaishnaw inaugurate on 15 September 2026?
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Correct answer: D — Shivlakha
Shivlakha GCT in Kachchh was inaugurated; Bhimasar, Devaliya and Chandisar were dedicated to the nation.
To which destination was the salt-loaded freight train from Shivlakha GCT flagged off?
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Correct answer: A — Mithapur
The salt-loaded freight train ran from Shivlakha GCT to Mithapur.
Where did Union Environment Minister Bhupender Yadav inaugurate a Great Indian Bustard Soft Release Centre on 14 September 2026?
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Correct answer: D — Naliya, Kachchh
The GIB Soft Release Centre was inaugurated at Naliya in Kachchh district, Gujarat.
What is the 'jump-start' intervention used for Great Indian Bustards in Kachchh?
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Correct answer: B — Replacing infertile eggs of wild females with viable eggs from conservation breeding
Infertile eggs laid by wild GIB females were replaced with viable eggs from the conservation breeding programme.
The Sayara Van Kavach inaugurated in Kachchh on 14 September 2026 was developed using which method?
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Correct answer: A — Miyawaki method
The 9.46 sq km Sayara Van Kavach follows the Miyawaki method of dense, multi-layered afforestation.
Consider the following about the Great Indian Bustard: 1. It is listed in Schedule I of the Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972. 2. Habitat work in Kachchh includes removing the invasive Prosopis juliflora from grasslands. Which of the above is/are correct?
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Correct answer: C — Both 1 and 2
Both are correct. The GIB is in Schedule I of the 1972 Act, giving it the highest legal protection, and about 11 sq km of Kachchh grassland has been cleared of Prosopis juliflora.
Which institution prepared the Gujarat Action Plan for Great Indian Bustard Conservation released on 13 September 2026, with the Gujarat Forest Department?
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Correct answer: B — Wildlife Institute of India
The plan was prepared by the Wildlife Institute of India (WII) in collaboration with the Gujarat Forest Department.
Which two sites have been identified as future cheetah release sites under Project Cheetah, as stated at the Bhuj review?
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Correct answer: D — Banni Grasslands and Nauradehi Wildlife Sanctuary
Banni Grasslands in Gujarat and Nauradehi Wildlife Sanctuary in Madhya Pradesh are the future release sites.
According to the review on 13 September 2026, what is India's current cheetah population?
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Correct answer: D — 52
The population has grown from 29 founder cheetahs to 52, including 49 cubs born in India.
Consider the following about Project Cheetah: 1. It began on 17 September 2022 with the release of eight cheetahs from Namibia in Kuno National Park. 2. Protected cheetah habitat now spans Kuno National Park and Gandhi Sagar. Which of the above is/are correct?
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Correct answer: C — Both 1 and 2
Both are correct. Eight Namibian cheetahs were released in Kuno on 17 September 2022, and protected habitat now covers 3,428 sq km across Kuno and Gandhi Sagar.
Which portal did Union Environment Minister Bhupender Yadav launch at the mangrove workshop in Bhuj on 13 September 2026?
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Correct answer: C — Mangrove GIS (MGIS) Portal
He launched the Mangrove GIS (MGIS) Portal to support science-based decisions and monitoring of mangroves.
The Guneri mangroves of Kachchh, whose village Biodiversity Management Committee was felicitated on 13 September 2026, are notable because they are:
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Correct answer: B — Inland mangroves growing away from the coast
The Guneri inland mangroves are a rare ecosystem thriving away from the coast.
Consider the following about MISHTI (Mangrove Initiative for Shoreline Habitats & Tangible Incomes): 1. It was announced in the Union Budget 2023-24 and launched on World Environment Day, 5 June 2023. 2. Gujarat has already exceeded its 2023–27 MISHTI target. Which of the above is/are correct?
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Correct answer: A — 1 only
Only statement 1 is correct. MISHTI was launched on 5 June 2023 after the Budget 2023-24 announcement. Gujarat has covered 27,652 ha against a target of 29,250 ha, so it has not yet met the target.
Where is the 1.85-km road that set the Guinness World Record for the world's longest road built with processed steel slag aggregates?
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Correct answer: A — Raigarh, Chhattisgarh
The 1.85-km record road is at Raigarh, Chhattisgarh.
Which CSIR laboratory developed the steel slag road technology used for the Guinness record road at Raigarh?
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Correct answer: D — CSIR-CRRI
The road was built jointly by the CSIR-Central Road Research Institute (CRRI), New Delhi, and Jindal Steel.
Consider the following claims made by Union Minister Jitendra Singh about steel slag road technology: 1. It can cut road construction cost by about 40%. 2. Roads built with it need major maintenance every three years. Which of the above is/are correct?
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Correct answer: A — 1 only
Only statement 1 is correct. The Minister said the technology can cut cost by about 40% and that such roads may need major maintenance only after nearly 15 years.
Under the National HPV Vaccination Campaign launched in February 2026, which group receives the free single-dose HPV vaccine?
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Correct answer: B — 14-year-old girls
The campaign offers a voluntary, free, single-dose HPV vaccine to 14-year-old girls with parental consent.
Which State leads in the number of girls vaccinated under the National HPV Vaccination Campaign, with more than 22 lakh?
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Correct answer: D — Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh leads with more than 22 lakh adolescent girls vaccinated.
Which of the following groups of States had achieved 100% coverage of their target group under the HPV campaign as of 11 September 2026?
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Correct answer: C — Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Mizoram
Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh and Mizoram reached 100%; Bihar, Andhra Pradesh and Assam crossed 90%.
Consider the following about the National HPV Vaccination Campaign: 1. The vaccine is given free of cost at government health facilities with parental consent. 2. The campaign was launched in February 2025. Which of the above is/are correct?
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Correct answer: A — 1 only
Only statement 1 is correct. The vaccine is free and voluntary with parental consent; the campaign was launched by PM Modi in February 2026, not 2025.
The National Maritime Heritage Complex (NMHC), reviewed by its Governing Council on 11 September 2026, is coming up at Lothal in which state?
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Correct answer: A — Gujarat
The NMHC is being developed at Lothal, Gujarat, by the Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways.
How many countries had signed MoUs for collaboration on the NMHC, Lothal, as reported at the 2nd Governing Council meeting in September 2026?
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Correct answer: D — 13
Thirteen countries have signed MoUs, with discussions under way towards a pipeline of 35-plus partnerships.
Consider the following: 1. Lothal, an Indus Valley Civilization site, has the world's oldest known artificial dock, connected to an ancient course of the Sabarmati river. 2. The 2nd Governing Council meeting of the NMHC Society in September 2026 was chaired by the Union Minister of Culture. Which of the above is/are correct?
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Correct answer: A — 1 only
Only statement 1 is correct. Lothal's dock is the world's oldest known artificial dock; the meeting was chaired by Ports, Shipping and Waterways Minister Sarbananda Sonowal.
On 8 September 2026, PM Modi marked the completion of the Dedicated Freight Corridor at which city?
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Correct answer: D — Vadodara
At Vadodara the PM launched projects worth over ₹35,000 crore and marked the completion of the 2,800 km DFC.
What total length of the Dedicated Freight Corridor did PM Modi say had been completed?
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Correct answer: B — 2,800 km
The PM marked the completion of the 2,800-kilometre Dedicated Freight Corridor.
Consider the following statements made by PM Modi at Vadodara: 1. More than 430 cargo trains now run daily on the freight corridors. 2. A double-stack container train from JNPT to Vadodara carried cargo equal to more than 250 trucks. Which of the above is/are correct?
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Correct answer: C — Both 1 and 2
Both figures were cited by the PM in his Vadodara speech.
The 'Saptadhara' resolution referred to by PM Modi at Vadodara was originally announced at which venue?
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Correct answer: A — Red Fort
The PM said the 'Saptadhara' (seven streams) resolution was announced at the Red Fort.
Which of the following correctly matches a Dedicated Freight Corridor built by DFCCIL with its end points and length?
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Correct answer: D — Eastern DFC: Ludhiana–Sonnagar, 1,337 km
The Eastern DFC runs from Ludhiana to Sonnagar (1,337 km) and the Western DFC from JNPT to Dadri (1,506 km); both are built by DFCCIL under the Ministry of Railways.
Where was the 28th meeting of the Western Zonal Council held on 7 September 2026?
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Correct answer: D — Panaji
Amit Shah chaired the 28th Western Zonal Council meeting in Panaji, Goa.
Which of the following is NOT a member of the Western Zonal Council?
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Correct answer: A — Rajasthan
The Western Zonal Council comprises Goa, Gujarat, Maharashtra and the UT of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu; Rajasthan is in the Northern Zonal Council.
Consider the following statements about Zonal Councils: 1. They were set up under the States Reorganisation Act, 1956. 2. They are constitutional bodies created under Article 263. Which of the above is/are correct?
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Correct answer: A — 1 only
Only 1 is correct. Zonal Councils are statutory advisory bodies set up under Part III of the States Reorganisation Act, 1956, not constitutional bodies.
According to Amit Shah at the 28th WZC meeting, how many meetings of Zonal Councils and their Standing Committees have been held since 2014?
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Correct answer: A — 71
Since 2014, 71 meetings have been held, compared with 25 during 2004–14.
The 89th edition of Fit India Sundays on Cycle on 6 September 2026, themed 'Nasha Mukt Yuva for Viksit Bharat', was led from which city?
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Correct answer: D — Surat
Sports Minister Mandaviya and Gujarat Dy CM Harsh Sanghavi led the 89th edition in Surat.
Which Indian city hosted the World Archery Para Series from 5 to 9 September 2026?
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Correct answer: B — Ahmedabad
The Archery Association of India's World Archery Para Series was held in Ahmedabad.
How many athletes from how many countries took part in the World Archery Para Series in Ahmedabad (September 2026)?
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Correct answer: C — 108 athletes, 19 countries
Amit Shah greeted 108 athletes from 19 countries.
Consider the following statements: 1. The 2030 Commonwealth Games, to be hosted by Ahmedabad, will be the centenary edition of the Games. 2. Amit Shah inaugurated the World Archery Para Series in person at the venue in Ahmedabad. Which of the above is/are correct?
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Correct answer: A — 1 only
Statement 1 is correct as stated by Amit Shah. Statement 2 is wrong: he inaugurated it through video conferencing.
Who led the NHRC's two-day open hearing and camp sitting in Gandhinagar, Gujarat, which concluded on 3 September 2026?
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Correct answer: C — Justice V. Ramasubramanian
The NHRC sitting was led by Chairperson Justice V. Ramasubramanian.
How many alleged cases of human rights violations did the NHRC hear at its Gujarat open hearing in September 2026?
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Correct answer: B — 129
The Commission heard 129 alleged cases, including bonded labour; 45 were heard on the first day.
Consider the following statements about the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC): 1. It was established on 12 October 1993. 2. It is established under the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993, which was amended in 2019. Which of the above is/are correct?
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Correct answer: C — Both 1 and 2
Both are correct as per the NHRC: it was established on 12 October 1993 under the PHRA, 1993, as amended by the Protection of Human Rights (Amendment) Act, 2019.
Which project won first prize in the 'Plantation in Land Parcels' category of NHAI's Green Highways Excellence Awards 2026?
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Correct answer: C — Jamtha Clover Leaf Oxygen Bird Park, NH-44 (Nagpur)
The Jamtha Clover Leaf Oxygen Bird Park on NH-44 under RO Nagpur won first prize in the land parcels category.
How much had IFSC Banking Units at GIFT City disbursed under the RBI's FCNR(B) swap facility by 31 August 2026?
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Correct answer: B — About $52.82 billion
20 IBUs sanctioned $54.02 billion, of which about $52.82 billion had been disbursed.
Which authority regulates the International Financial Services Centre at GIFT City and reported the IBU figures in September 2026?
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Correct answer: A — International Financial Services Centres Authority (IFSCA)
The International Financial Services Centres Authority (IFSCA) highlighted the IBU figures.
Which was the first spoke airport under India's Hub & Spoke international flight framework, launched in June 2026?
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Correct answer: C — Varanasi
Varanasi was first (25 June 2026), then Amritsar (28 July 2026) and Ahmedabad (1 September 2026).
Under the Hub & Spoke international flight model launched from Ahmedabad, which airport serves as the hub?
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Correct answer: A — Delhi
Passengers clear formalities at the spoke and connect through India's own hub airport at Delhi.
To what level did India and Uzbekistan elevate their relationship during PM Modi's State Visit in August 2026?
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Correct answer: B — Comprehensive Strategic Partnership
The leaders elevated the bilateral Strategic Partnership to a Comprehensive Strategic Partnership.
What bilateral trade target did India and Uzbekistan set in August 2026?
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Correct answer: D — USD 5 billion by 2030
The leaders agreed to a bilateral trade target of USD 5 billion by 2030 and called for a Business Summit.
Consider the following outcomes of PM Modi's State Visit to Uzbekistan (August 2026): 1. A Letter of Intent was signed for conserving the ancient Buddhist sites of Fayaz Tepa and Kara Tepa in Termez. 2. Gujarat and the Samarkand region signed a cooperation agreement to establish partnership relations. Which of the above is/are correct?
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Correct answer: C — Both 1 and 2
Both are in the official list of outcomes.
During his 2026 visit to Uzbekistan, PM Modi announced scholarships for Uzbek students to learn Hindi, named after which former Prime Minister?
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Correct answer: A — Lal Bahadur Shastri
PM Modi announced 100 Lal Bahadur Shastri Scholarships for Hindi, marking the 60th anniversary of Shastri's death in Tashkent.
The Legal Metrology (Indian Standard Time) Rules, 2026 were notified by which department?
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Correct answer: D — Department of Consumer Affairs
The Department of Consumer Affairs notified the Rules on 27 August 2026.
When will the Legal Metrology (Indian Standard Time) Rules, 2026 come into force?
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Correct answer: D — 180 days after publication in the Official Gazette
The Rules come into force 180 days from their publication in the Official Gazette (29 August 2026), giving organisations time to adapt systems.
Consider the following statements about Indian Standard Time (IST) under the 2026 framework: 1. CSIR-NPL generates IST using an ensemble of atomic clocks and keeps it traceable to UTC. 2. UTC is maintained by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM). Which of the above is/are correct?
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Correct answer: C — Both 1 and 2
Both are correct: CSIR-NPL, India's National Metrology Institute, generates IST with atomic clocks traceable within nanoseconds to UTC, which BIPM maintains.
Secondary IST timescales have been set up at Regional Reference Standard Laboratories (RRSLs) in five cities. Which of the following is NOT one of them?
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Correct answer: B — Kolkata
The five RRSLs are at Ahmedabad, Bengaluru, Bhubaneswar, Faridabad and Guwahati; Kolkata is not among them.
Gujarat Vidyapith, whose 72nd convocation was held on 27 August 2026, was established in which year?
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Correct answer: A — 1920
Gujarat Vidyapith was established on 18 October 1920.
According to the Home Minister at the Gujarat Vidyapith convocation (August 2026), the turnover of Khadi and Village Industries in 2025–26 was about:
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Correct answer: D — ₹1.87 lakh crore
KVI turnover rose from ₹31,000 crore in 2013–14 to ₹1.87 lakh crore in 2025–26.
Which edition of National Space Day did India celebrate on 23 August 2026?
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Correct answer: B — 3rd
23 August 2026 was the third National Space Day, after the day was declared following Chandrayaan-3's landing in 2023.
Which city hosted the national event of National Space Day 2026?
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Correct answer: D — Ahmedabad
The inaugural national event was held at ISRO's Space Applications Centre in Ahmedabad.
What is the theme of National Space Day 2026?
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Correct answer: A — Towards Viksit Bharat: Innovating, Collaborating and Aspiring to Global Space Leadership
The 2026 theme is 'Towards Viksit Bharat: Innovating, Collaborating and Aspiring to Global Space Leadership'.
Who was the chief guest at the national event of the 3rd National Space Day in August 2026?
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Correct answer: C — Gajendra Singh Shekhawat
Union Culture and Tourism Minister Gajendra Singh Shekhawat was chief guest; ISRO Chairman V. Narayanan presided and Gujarat minister Arjun Modhwadia was guest of honour.
Consider the following statements made at the National Space Day 2026 event: 1. Ahmedabad was chosen as host because of the Space Applications Centre and the start-up ecosystem around the city. 2. India's space sector reforms were rolled out in 2023, after the Chandrayaan-3 landing. Which of the above is/are correct?
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Correct answer: A — 1 only
Only statement 1 is correct. The space sector reforms were rolled out in 2020 and have led to more than 440 space start-ups.
How much did the National Biodiversity Authority disburse under the Access and Benefit-Sharing mechanism in August 2026?
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Correct answer: D — ₹2.82 crore
The NBA disbursed ₹2.82 crore: ₹2.80 crore to State and UT biodiversity bodies and about ₹2.01 lakh to ICAR-IIHR.
Which state received the largest share of the NBA's August 2026 ABS disbursement?
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Correct answer: B — Gujarat
Gujarat received the largest share (₹44.59 lakh), followed by West Bengal and Madhya Pradesh.
Consider the following statements about the NBA's August 2026 ABS disbursement: 1. The funds came from a payment by Advanta Enterprises for genetic resources behind hybrids of cauliflower, hot pepper, okra and tomato. 2. The money was released to 27 State Biodiversity Boards and 3 UT Biodiversity Councils, besides ICAR-IIHR. Which of the above is/are correct?
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Correct answer: C — Both 1 and 2
Both are correct. Since the resources could not be traced to specific farmers or communities, the money was shared by crop cultivation area.