SF Prep

SEBI Grade A Current Affairs Quiz — All time

Daily news by your exam, state and topic — each with a short summary, key facts and MCQs.

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3523 news · 9259 MCQs
Score: 0 / 0 attempted · 70 questions
DGCA directs airlines to implement passenger handling measures amid airspace restrictions
Q1 Advanced

Consider the following about the DGCA directive to airlines of 26 April 2025: 1. It is mandatory, and non-compliance may attract action under the Civil Aviation Requirements. 2. It is valid for 30 days only. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Show answer

Correct answer: A — 1 only

Only 1 is correct. The directive is effective immediately and remains in force until further notice.

Q2 Advanced

Consider the following about the DGCA's passenger handling directive of 26 April 2025: 1. Airlines must revise catering based on the scheduled (not actual) block time. 2. The directive applies only to international carriers of foreign origin. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Show answer

Correct answer: D — Neither 1 nor 2

Neither is correct. Catering is to be revised based on the actual block time, and the directive applies to all airline operators.

World Malaria Day 2025: India exited WHO's High Burden to High Impact group in 2024
Q3

What is the theme of World Malaria Day 2025?

Show answer

Correct answer: A — Malaria Ends With Us: Reinvest, Reimagine, Reignite

The theme for World Malaria Day 2025 is 'Malaria Ends With Us: Reinvest, Reimagine, Reignite'.

Q4 Advanced

Consider the following, as stated by the Health Ministry on World Malaria Day 2025: 1. India exited the WHO's High Burden to High Impact (HBHI) group in 2024. 2. India aims to achieve full elimination of malaria by 2027. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Show answer

Correct answer: A — 1 only

Only 1 is correct. India aims for zero indigenous cases by 2027 and full elimination by 2030.

Q5

How many high-burden districts does the Intensified Malaria Elimination Project (IMEP)-3 target?

Show answer

Correct answer: C — 159

IMEP-3 targets 159 high-burden districts; 122 districts reported zero malaria cases in 2023.

Dr. K. Kasturirangan passes away; PM recalls his role in ISRO and the NEP
Q6

Dr. K. Kasturirangan, whose passing the Prime Minister condoled on 25 April 2025, is remembered for his efforts during the drafting of which policy?

Show answer

Correct answer: B — National Education Policy

The PM said India will always be grateful to Dr. Kasturirangan for his efforts during the drafting of the National Education Policy (NEP).

Q7 Advanced

Consider the following about the Prime Minister's tribute to Dr. K. Kasturirangan on 25 April 2025: 1. The PM said he served ISRO with great diligence, steering India's space programme to new heights. 2. The PM credited him with drafting the National Strategy for AI. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Show answer

Correct answer: A — 1 only

Only 1 is correct. The PM credited him for his efforts on the National Education Policy, not the National Strategy for AI.

Ministry of Cooperation signs MoU with Swiggy Instamart to onboard cooperative products
Q8

Consider the following about the MoU signed on 25 April 2025: 1. It was signed between the Ministry of Cooperation and Swiggy Instamart. 2. A dedicated 'Cooperative' category will be created on Swiggy's platform. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Show answer

Correct answer: C — Both 1 and 2

Both are correct, as per the Ministry of Cooperation release.

Q9

According to its release on the Swiggy Instamart MoU, the Ministry of Cooperation has taken more than how many initiatives for cooperatives?

Show answer

Correct answer: B — 60

The Ministry of Cooperation has taken more than 60 initiatives to strengthen the cooperative sector.

J P Nadda launches National Zero Measles-Rubella Elimination Campaign 2025-26
Q10

How many districts reported zero measles cases during January–March 2025, as stated at the launch of the MR elimination campaign?

Show answer

Correct answer: C — 332

332 districts reported zero measles cases and 487 districts zero rubella cases in January–March 2025.

Q11 Advanced

Consider the following about the National Zero Measles-Rubella Elimination Campaign 2025-26: 1. It was launched on the first day of World Immunization Week (24–30 April). 2. India's MR vaccination coverage for the second dose is 93.7%, as per 2024-25 HMIS data. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Show answer

Correct answer: A — 1 only

Only 1 is correct. Second-dose coverage is 92.2%; 93.7% is the first-dose coverage.

Q12

By which year does India aim to eliminate measles and rubella, as per the Health Ministry release of 24 April 2025?

Show answer

Correct answer: A — 2026

The campaign marks a step towards India's goal of eliminating measles and rubella by 2026.

Inland waterways carry a record 145.5 million tonnes of cargo in FY 2024-25
Q13

How much cargo moved on India's inland waterways in FY 2024-25, a record?

Show answer

Correct answer: D — 145.5 million tonnes

Inland waterways moved a record 145.5 million tonnes in FY 2024-25, up from 18.1 million tonnes in FY 2013-14.

Q14 Advanced

Consider the following about India's inland waterways: 1. The number of National Waterways increased from 5 to 111. 2. The Jalvahak Scheme offers cargo owners a 35% operating cost incentive. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Show answer

Correct answer: C — Both 1 and 2

Both are correct, as per the Ports, Shipping and Waterways Ministry release.

Q15 Advanced

India aims to raise the modal share of inland water transport from 2% to what level?

Show answer

Correct answer: B — 5%

India aims to increase the modal share of inland water transport from 2% to 5%.

CCS decisions after Pahalgam attack: Indus Waters Treaty held in abeyance, ICP Attari closed
Q16 Advanced

Consider the following decisions of the Cabinet Committee on Security on 23 April 2025, as announced by the Foreign Secretary: 1. The Indus Waters Treaty of 1960 will be held in abeyance with immediate effect, until Pakistan credibly and irrevocably abjures its support for cross-border terrorism. 2. The Integrated Check Post Attari will be closed with immediate effect; those who crossed over with valid endorsements may return through that route before 01 May 2025. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Show answer

Correct answer: C — Both 1 and 2

Both are correct, as stated in the MEA special briefing of 23 April 2025.

Q17

As per the CCS decision of 23 April 2025, to what number will the overall strength of the High Commissions be brought down by 01 May 2025?

Show answer

Correct answer: B — 30

The overall strength of the High Commissions will be brought down to 30 from the present 55.

Q18

As per the CCS decision of 23 April 2025, how much time was given to Pakistani nationals in India under SAARC Visa Exemption Scheme (SVES) visas to leave India?

Show answer

Correct answer: D — 48 hours

Any Pakistani national in India under an SVES visa has 48 hours to leave; the Service Advisors were given a week.

Q19 Advanced

Consider the following about the CCS decisions of 23 April 2025 on Service Advisors: 1. The Defence/Military, Naval and Air Advisors in the Pakistani High Commission in New Delhi were declared persona non grata and given a week to leave India. 2. India will retain its own Defence/Navy/Air Advisors in the Indian High Commission in Islamabad. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Show answer

Correct answer: A — 1 only

Only 1 is correct. India will withdraw its own Defence/Navy/Air Advisors from Islamabad, and these posts are deemed annulled.

UPSC declares final result of Civil Services Examination 2024; 1,009 candidates recommended
Q20

How many candidates did UPSC recommend for appointment in the final result of the Civil Services Examination 2024?

Show answer

Correct answer: B — 1,009

A total of 1,009 candidates were recommended; 230 are on the reserve list.

Q21 Advanced

How many IAS vacancies were reported by the Government for the Civil Services Examination 2024?

Show answer

Correct answer: C — 180

The Government reported 180 IAS vacancies; 55 were for the IFS and 147 for the IPS.

PM Modi in Jeddah: second India–Saudi Arabia Strategic Partnership Council meeting; visit cut short
Q22

In which city did PM Modi and Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman co-chair the second India–Saudi Arabia Strategic Partnership Council meeting on 22 April 2025?

Show answer

Correct answer: B — Jeddah

The second SPC meeting was held in Jeddah; it was the PM's first visit to the city.

Q23 Advanced

Consider the following about the India–Saudi Arabia Strategic Partnership Council meeting of 22 April 2025: 1. The Council was expanded to four ministerial committees, adding committees on Defence Cooperation and on Tourism and Cultural Cooperation. 2. It was the first meeting of the Council. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Show answer

Correct answer: A — 1 only

Only 1 is correct. It was the second meeting; the first was held in September 2023.

Q24

How much has Saudi Arabia committed to invest in India, as cited in the outcomes of the PM's visit of April 2025?

Show answer

Correct answer: C — USD 100 billion

The outcomes refer to Saudi Arabia's commitment to invest USD 100 billion in India.

Q25 Advanced

Which of the following was NOT among the MoUs/agreements listed in the outcomes of the PM's State Visit to Saudi Arabia in April 2025?

Show answer

Correct answer: D — Customs Mutual Assistance Agreement

The listed MoUs covered space, health, anti-doping and inward surface parcels; a Customs Mutual Assistance Agreement was discussed at the India–Bhutan customs meeting, not signed with Saudi Arabia.

Plastics for Change wins Bharat Startup Grand Challenge 2025
Q26

Which startup won the Bharat Startup Grand Challenge 2025, announced on 22 April 2025?

Show answer

Correct answer: D — Plastics for Change

Buoyancy Plastics for Change Recycling Pvt Ltd won the Bharat Startup Grand Challenge 2025.

Q27

Up to how much funding does the Bharat Startup Grand Challenge 2025 carry for the winner?

Show answer

Correct answer: C — ₹10 crore

The Bharat Startup Grand Challenge 2025 carries funding of up to ₹10 crore.

New private-sector subscribers under NPS cross 12 lakh in 2024-25
Q28

What was the total number of NPS subscribers by March 2025, as per the Finance Ministry release of 22 April 2025?

Show answer

Correct answer: D — Over 165 lakh

Total NPS subscribers crossed 165 lakh by March 2025; over 12 lakh new private-sector subscribers joined in 2024-25.

Q29 Advanced

What were the combined assets under management of NPS and Atal Pension Yojana at end-March 2025?

Show answer

Correct answer: A — ₹14.43 lakh crore

The AUM of NPS and APY grew 23% during 2024-25 to ₹14.43 lakh crore.

PM Modi hosts US Vice President J.D. Vance; both welcome progress on India–US Bilateral Trade Agreement
Q30

When PM Modi hosted US Vice President J.D. Vance on 21 April 2025, the two welcomed significant progress in negotiations for which of the following?

Show answer

Correct answer: D — India–US Bilateral Trade Agreement

India–US Bilateral Trade Agreement: the PMO release says they welcomed significant progress in its negotiations.

Q31 Advanced

Consider the following about the PM's meeting with US Vice President J.D. Vance on 21 April 2025: 1. The two had earlier met in Paris in February 2025. 2. The PM said he looked forward to President Trump's visit to India later in the year. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Show answer

Correct answer: C — Both 1 and 2

Both are correct, as per the PMO release.

Dr. Mangi Lal Jat takes charge as Secretary, DARE and Director General, ICAR
Q32

Who took charge as Secretary, Department of Agricultural Research and Education and Director General, ICAR on 21 April 2025?

Show answer

Correct answer: A — Mangi Lal Jat

Mangi Lal Jat assumed charge as Secretary, DARE and DG, ICAR for three years.

Q33 Advanced

Immediately before taking charge as DG, ICAR in April 2025, Dr. Mangi Lal Jat was serving as Deputy Director General (Research) at which institution?

Show answer

Correct answer: C — ICRISAT

ICRISAT: he was DDG (Research) and Director of the Global Research Program at ICRISAT, Hyderabad; CIMMYT and IRRI were earlier positions.

Centre imposes 12% safeguard duty on certain steel flat product imports
Q34

At what rate did the Centre impose a safeguard duty on imports of certain non-alloy and alloy steel flat products in April 2025?

Show answer

Correct answer: B — 12%

12%: the Ministry of Steel said a 12% safeguard duty was imposed.

Q35 Advanced

Consider the following about the steel import duty announced in April 2025: 1. It applies to certain non-alloy and alloy steel flat products. 2. It is an anti-dumping duty. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Show answer

Correct answer: A — 1 only

Only 1 is correct. It is a safeguard duty, not an anti-dumping duty.

CCI approves Google's settlement proposal in Android TV case; ₹20.24 crore settlement amount
Q36

What is the final settlement amount in the Android TV case in which the CCI accepted Google's settlement proposal in April 2025?

Show answer

Correct answer: B — ₹20.24 crore

₹20.24 crore, after applying a 15% settlement discount.

Q37 Advanced

Under which provision of the Competition Act, 2002 did the CCI agree to Google's settlement proposal in the Android TV case?

Show answer

Correct answer: D — Section 48A

Section 48A: the CCI acted under Section 48A(3) read with the Settlement Regulations, 2024; Section 19(1)(a) covers the filing of information, Section 26(1) the DG investigation, and Section 4 abuse of dominance.

Eight core industries grow 3.8% in March 2025; FY 2024-25 growth 4.4%
Q38

By how much did the combined Index of Eight Core Industries grow (provisional) in March 2025 over March 2024?

Show answer

Correct answer: D — 3.8%

3.8%: the ICI grew 3.8% in March 2025; 4.4% was the cumulative growth for 2024-25.

Q39 Advanced

Consider the following about the Index of Eight Core Industries for March 2025: 1. The eight core industries comprise 40.27% of the weight of items in the Index of Industrial Production. 2. Natural gas recorded the highest growth among the eight industries in March 2025. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Show answer

Correct answer: A — 1 only

Only 1 is correct. Cement recorded the highest growth (11.6%); natural gas declined by 12.7%.

Q40 Advanced

Which of the following carries the highest weight in the Index of Eight Core Industries?

Show answer

Correct answer: C — Petroleum refinery products

Petroleum refinery products carry a weight of 28.04%, ahead of electricity (19.85%), steel (17.92%) and coal (10.33%).

Poshan Tracker app wins PM's Award for Excellence in Public Administration 2024 (Innovation, Centre)
Q41

Under which category did the Poshan Tracker application receive the Prime Minister's Award for Excellence in Public Administration 2024?

Show answer

Correct answer: A — Innovation (centre)

Innovation (centre): the MWCD release says the award was under the Innovation category (centre).

Q42

The Poshan Tracker application, which won a PM's Award on Civil Services Day 2025, belongs to which ministry?

Show answer

Correct answer: B — Ministry of Women and Child Development

Ministry of Women and Child Development: Poshan Tracker is its application.

Khadi and Village Industries sales cross ₹1.70 lakh crore in 2024-25
Q43 Advanced

Consider the following about KVIC's provisional data for 2024-25: 1. Sales of Khadi and Village Industries products exceeded ₹1.70 lakh crore. 2. Production rose about four times compared with 2013-14. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Show answer

Correct answer: C — Both 1 and 2

Both are correct: sales were ₹1,70,551.37 crore and production rose about fourfold (347%) to ₹1,16,599.75 crore.

EPFO adds 16.10 lakh net members in February 2025
Q44

How many net members did EPFO add in February 2025, as per provisional payroll data?

Show answer

Correct answer: D — 16.10 lakh

16.10 lakh net members were added; 7.39 lakh were new subscribers.

Q45 Advanced

Consider the following about EPFO payroll data for February 2025: 1. The 18–25 age group made up more than half of the new subscribers. 2. About 13.18 lakh members who had exited earlier rejoined EPFO. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Show answer

Correct answer: C — Both 1 and 2

Both are correct: the 18–25 group was 57.71% of new subscribers, and about 13.18 lakh members rejoined.

Arjun Babuta wins men's 10m air rifle silver at ISSF World Cup in Lima, Peru
Q46

At the ISSF World Cup in Lima in April 2025, Arjun Babuta won the men's 10m air rifle silver after losing by 0.1 point to which shooter?

Show answer

Correct answer: B — Sheng Lihao

Arjun Babuta scored 252.3 in the final and lost by 0.1 point to reigning Olympic champion Sheng Lihao of China, who scored 252.4.

Q47

In which city was the ISSF World Cup stage held where Arjun Babuta won the men's 10m air rifle silver in April 2025?

Show answer

Correct answer: D — Lima

Babuta won the silver at the ISSF World Cup (Rifle/Pistol/Shotgun) in Lima, Peru.

Rudrankksh Patil and Arya Borse win 10m air rifle mixed team silver at ISSF World Cup, Lima
Q48

The Indian pair of Rudrankksh Patil and Arya Borse lost the 10m air rifle mixed team gold medal match at the ISSF World Cup in Lima in April 2025 to a pair from which country?

Show answer

Correct answer: B — Norway

Rudrankksh Patil and Arya Borse lost 11–17 to Norway's Jon-Hermann Hegg and Jeanette Hegg Duestad in the gold medal match.

Q49 Advanced

Consider the following about the ISSF World Cup in Lima, April 2025: 1. Rudrankksh Patil and Arya Borse won silver in the 10m air rifle mixed team event. 2. After that medal on 20 April, India was at the top of the medal table. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Show answer

Correct answer: A — 1 only

Statement 1 is correct. Statement 2 is wrong: with two gold, three silver and one bronze, India was third, behind China and the USA.

IAF joins multinational Exercise Desert Flag-10 in the UAE with MiG-29 and Jaguar jets
Q50

Which aircraft did the Indian Air Force field in Exercise Desert Flag-10 in the UAE in April–May 2025?

Show answer

Correct answer: A — MiG-29 and Jaguar

MiG-29 and Jaguar, as per the Ministry of Defence release.

Q51 Advanced

Consider the following about Exercise Desert Flag-10: 1. It is hosted by the UAE Air Force at Al Dhafra Air Base. 2. The Russian Air Force is among the participating contingents. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Show answer

Correct answer: A — 1 only

Only 1 is correct. The participants listed are Australia, Bahrain, France, Germany, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the Republic of Korea, Turkey, the UAE, the UK, the US and India; Russia is not among them.

Q52

At which air base in the United Arab Emirates did the Indian Air Force contingent arrive for Exercise Desert Flag-10 in April 2025?

Show answer

Correct answer: A — Al Dhafra Air Base

The IAF contingent reached Al Dhafra Air Base in the UAE for Exercise Desert Flag-10, hosted by the UAE Air Force.

Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla to fly to ISS on Axiom's Ax-4 mission, Jitendra Singh announces
Q53

Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla's flight to the ISS, announced in April 2025, was to be part of which mission?

Show answer

Correct answer: C — Axiom Space's Ax-4

Axiom Space's Ax-4 mission, as stated by the ISRO Chairman at the review.

Q54 Advanced

Shubhanshu Shukla's mission would make him the first Indian astronaut in space since whose 1984 flight aboard a Soviet Soyuz spacecraft?

Show answer

Correct answer: A — Rakesh Sharma

Rakesh Sharma flew in 1984 aboard a Soviet Soyuz spacecraft.

Finance Ministry: claims of GST on UPI transactions above ₹2,000 are false
Q55 Advanced

Consider the following, as stated by the Finance Ministry on 18 April 2025: 1. GST is levied on charges such as the Merchant Discount Rate (MDR) relating to payments. 2. MDR on person-to-merchant (P2M) UPI transactions was removed with effect from January 2020. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Show answer

Correct answer: C — Both 1 and 2

Both are correct; since no MDR is charged on UPI, no GST applies.

Q56

According to the ACI Worldwide Report 2024 cited by the Finance Ministry, what share of global real-time transactions did India account for in 2023?

Show answer

Correct answer: C — 49%

49%, as cited in the Finance Ministry release.

Q57 Advanced

What was the value of UPI transactions by March 2025, as stated by the Finance Ministry?

Show answer

Correct answer: B — ₹260.56 lakh crore

₹260.56 lakh crore by March 2025, up from ₹21.3 lakh crore in 2019-20; ₹3,631 crore was the FY24 incentive allocation.

Bhagavadgītā and Nāṭyaśāstra manuscripts inscribed on UNESCO's Memory of the World Register
Q58

After the inscriptions of 17 April 2025, how many collections are there in total on UNESCO's Memory of the World Register?

Show answer

Correct answer: B — 570

570: UNESCO added 74 new collections, bringing the total to 570.

Q59 Advanced

Consider the following statements about India's 2025 inscriptions on the Memory of the World Register: 1. The Bhagavadgītā, as described by UNESCO, contains 700 verses in 18 chapters. 2. The inscribed Nāṭyaśāstra manuscript is attributed to Bharatamuni. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Show answer

Correct answer: C — Both 1 and 2

Both are correct. UNESCO describes the Bhagavadgītā as 700 verses in 18 chapters, and the entry is the 'Manuscript of the Nāṭyaśāstra of Bharatamuni'.

Q60 Advanced

According to UNESCO's inscription note, the Bhagavadgītā is embedded in which parva of the Mahābhārata?

Show answer

Correct answer: D — Bhīṣmaparva

Bhīṣmaparva: UNESCO notes it is embedded within the Bhīṣmaparva (adhyāya 23–40) of the Mahābhārata.

CCPA asks coaching centres to follow misleading-ads guidelines; notices issued over JEE and NEET claims
Q61

When were the Guidelines for the Prevention of Misleading Advertisements in the Coaching Sector, 2024 issued?

Show answer

Correct answer: D — 13 November 2024

13 November 2024, as stated by the CCPA.

Q62 Advanced

Consider the following statements about the CCPA's April 2025 advisory to coaching centres: 1. Disclaimers must be displayed in the same font size as other important information. 2. Advertisements must disclose a student's rank, course type and whether the course was paid. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Show answer

Correct answer: C — Both 1 and 2

Both are correct. The CCPA listed both disclosure requirements.

FIU-IND and RBI sign MoU for coordination under the PMLA
Q63

The MoU signed between FIU-IND and the RBI on 17 April 2025 is aimed at effective compliance with which law?

Show answer

Correct answer: B — Prevention of Money Laundering Act

The Prevention of Money Laundering Act and the Rules framed under it.

Q64 Advanced

Consider the following statements about the FIU-IND–RBI MoU of April 2025: 1. The two sides will hold quarterly meetings on issues of mutual interest. 2. The MoU was signed on behalf of the RBI by the Governor. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Show answer

Correct answer: A — 1 only

Only 1 is correct. The RBI signatory was R.L.K. Rao, Executive Director, Department of Regulation, not the Governor.

Defence Secretary co-chairs 24th India–UK Defence Consultative Group meeting in London
Q65

Which edition of the India–UK Defence Consultative Group meeting was held in London in April 2025?

Show answer

Correct answer: B — 24th

The 24th India–UK Defence Consultative Group meeting, co-chaired by Defence Secretary Rajesh Kumar Singh.

Q66 Advanced

Consider the following statements about the Defence Secretary's UK visit in April 2025: 1. India's co-chair of the Defence Consultative Group was Defence Secretary Rajesh Kumar Singh. 2. UK firms were invited to invest in India's Defence Corridors in Gujarat and Tamil Nadu. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Show answer

Correct answer: A — 1 only

Only 1 is correct. The Defence Corridors named were in Uttar Pradesh and Tamil Nadu, not Gujarat.

C-DOT and STL achieve India's first Quantum Key Distribution over multi-core fibre
Q67

In the C-DOT–STL trial announced in April 2025, a stable Quantum Key Distribution link over multi-core fibre was established over a distance exceeding:

Show answer

Correct answer: D — 100 km

Over 100 km, with high-capacity classical data on the same fibre.

Q68 Advanced

In India's first QKD over multi-core fibre (C-DOT and STL), how was the fibre used?

Show answer

Correct answer: C — 4-core fibre: one core quantum, three cores user data

A 4-core MCF was used: quantum signals in one core and high-speed user data in the other three.

Coal Ministry sets flat ₹500 registration fee per consignment on CIMS portal
Q69

What is the revised registration fee per consignment on the Coal Import Monitoring System (CIMS) portal from 15 April 2025?

Show answer

Correct answer: C — ₹500

A flat ₹500 per consignment, replacing the earlier range of ₹500 to ₹1,00,000.

Q70 Advanced

Consider the following statements about the CIMS fee revision of April 2025: 1. The earlier fee ranged from ₹500 to ₹1,00,000 per consignment. 2. The Steel Import Monitoring System (SIMS) also operates under a flat fee model. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Show answer

Correct answer: C — Both 1 and 2

Both are correct. The ministry said the change aligns CIMS with SIMS, NFIMS and PIMS, which use flat fees.