📑 Is page ke topics (Jump to Topic):
📌 1. 12 Tenses ka structure
| Tense | Present | Past | Future |
|---|---|---|---|
| Simple | V1 / V1+s | V2 | will + V1 |
| Continuous | is/am/are + V-ing | was/were + V-ing | will be + V-ing |
| Perfect | has/have + V3 | had + V3 | will have + V3 |
| Perfect Continuous | has/have been + V-ing + since/for | had been + V-ing | will have been + V-ing |
💡 Yaad rakhne ki trick: Time marker dekho, tense khud mil jayega: yesterday/ago/last → past simple; already/just/yet/ever/never → present perfect; since/for + abhi tak → present perfect continuous; tomorrow/next → future.
📌 2. Present tenses ke rules
- Simple present: aadat, universal truth, timetable — The sun rises in the east. The train leaves at 6.
- Stative verbs continuous mein nahi aate: know, believe, love, hate, want, see, hear, own, belong, contain, seem — I know him (not am knowing).
- Present perfect ke saath past time word (yesterday, last year, in 2010) nahi aata: I saw him yesterday (not have seen).
- Since = point of time (since Monday, since 2015); for = period (for two hours).
📌 3. Past aur Future ke rules
- Do past actions mein jo pehle hua → past perfect: The train had left before I reached.
- No sooner had … than, Hardly/Scarcely had … when: No sooner had he arrived than it began to rain.
- Time/condition clause (when, if, before, after, until, as soon as, unless) mein future ki jagah simple present: I will call you when he comes (not will come).
- It is time / It is high time + past simple: It is high time we left.
📌 4. Conditionals aur Sequence of Tenses
| Type | Structure | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Zero | If + present, present | If you heat ice, it melts. |
| First | If + present, will + V1 | If it rains, I will stay home. |
| Second | If + past (were), would + V1 | If I were rich, I would travel. |
| Third | If + had + V3, would have + V3 | If he had worked hard, he would have passed. |
- Main clause past mein ho to subordinate clause bhi past mein: He said that he was ill.
- Exception: universal truth hamesha present: The teacher said that the earth revolves round the sun.
⚠️ Exam Traps:
- "If I was you" ❌ → "If I were you" ✅ (imaginary condition).
- "If he would have come" ❌ → "If he had come" ✅.
- "I am living here since 2010" ❌ → "I have been living here since 2010" ✅.
📌 5. Practice MCQs
📝 Practice MCQs (SF Prep dwara taiyar — PYQ nahi)
Q1. Choose the correct option: The sun ______ in the east. Practice
सही उत्तर: (A) rises
व्याख्या: Universal truth ke liye simple present.
व्याख्या: Universal truth ke liye simple present.
Q2. Choose the correct option: I ______ him yesterday at the station. Practice
सही उत्तर: (C) saw
व्याख्या: 'Yesterday' definite past time hai, present perfect ke saath nahi aata — past simple 'saw'.
व्याख्या: 'Yesterday' definite past time hai, present perfect ke saath nahi aata — past simple 'saw'.
Q3. Choose the correct option: She ______ in Delhi since 2015. Practice
सही उत्तर: (B) has been living
व्याख्या: Since + point of time aur action abhi tak jaari — present perfect continuous.
व्याख्या: Since + point of time aur action abhi tak jaari — present perfect continuous.
Q4. Choose the correct option: When I reached the station, the train ______. Practice
सही उत्तर: (C) had left
व्याख्या: Do past actions mein pehla (train jaana) past perfect mein.
व्याख्या: Do past actions mein pehla (train jaana) past perfect mein.
Q5. Choose the correct option: I ______ the answer now. Practice
सही उत्तर: (D) know
व्याख्या: 'Know' stative verb hai — continuous mein nahi aata.
व्याख्या: 'Know' stative verb hai — continuous mein nahi aata.
Q6. Choose the correct option: I will wait here until you ______. Practice
सही उत्तर: (A) return
व्याख्या: Time clause (until) mein future ke liye simple present.
व्याख्या: Time clause (until) mein future ke liye simple present.
Q7. Choose the correct option: If I ______ you, I would accept the offer. Practice
सही उत्तर: (C) were
व्याख्या: Imaginary present condition (second conditional) mein sabhi subjects ke saath 'were'.
व्याख्या: Imaginary present condition (second conditional) mein sabhi subjects ke saath 'were'.
Q8. Choose the correct option: If he had studied, he ______. Practice
सही उत्तर: (A) would have passed
व्याख्या: Third conditional: If + had + V3, would have + V3.
व्याख्या: Third conditional: If + had + V3, would have + V3.
Q9. Choose the correct option: No sooner had the bell rung ______ the students rushed out. Practice
सही उत्तर: (D) than
व्याख्या: 'No sooner' ka pair 'than' hota hai.
व्याख्या: 'No sooner' ka pair 'than' hota hai.
Q10. Choose the correct option: Hardly had I entered the room ______ the lights went off. Practice
सही उत्तर: (B) when
व्याख्या: 'Hardly/Scarcely' ka pair 'when' hota hai.
व्याख्या: 'Hardly/Scarcely' ka pair 'when' hota hai.
Q11. Choose the correct option: It is high time we ______ our homework. Practice
सही उत्तर: (D) finished
व्याख्या: 'It is high time' ke baad past simple.
व्याख्या: 'It is high time' ke baad past simple.
Q12. Choose the correct option: The teacher said that the earth ______ round the sun. Practice
सही उत्तर: (B) revolves
व्याख्या: Universal truth reported speech mein bhi present rehta hai.
व्याख्या: Universal truth reported speech mein bhi present rehta hai.
Q13. Identify the error: I am working in this company for five years. Practice
सही उत्तर: (C) am working
व्याख्या: For + period + abhi tak → 'have been working'.
व्याख्या: For + period + abhi tak → 'have been working'.
Q14. Choose the correct option: By next March, she ______ her degree. Practice
सही उत्तर: (A) will have completed
व्याख्या: 'By + future time' — tab tak poora ho chuka hoga → future perfect.
व्याख्या: 'By + future time' — tab tak poora ho chuka hoga → future perfect.
Q15. Choose the correct option: Look! The baby ______. Practice
सही उत्तर: (B) is sleeping
व्याख्या: 'Look!' abhi ho rahi action dikhata hai — present continuous.
व्याख्या: 'Look!' abhi ho rahi action dikhata hai — present continuous.
Q16. Choose the correct option: The train ______ at 6:30 tomorrow morning as per the timetable. Practice
सही उत्तर: (D) leaves
व्याख्या: Fixed timetable ke liye future meaning mein bhi simple present.
व्याख्या: Fixed timetable ke liye future meaning mein bhi simple present.
Q17. Choose the correct option: They ______ football when it started raining. Practice
सही उत्तर: (A) were playing
व्याख्या: Lambi past action (playing) beech mein doosri action (raining) se toot gayi — past continuous.
व्याख्या: Lambi past action (playing) beech mein doosri action (raining) se toot gayi — past continuous.
Q18. Identify the error: If he would have come, I would have met him. Practice
सही उत्तर: (C) If he would have come
व्याख्या: Third conditional ke if-clause mein 'had come' aata hai, 'would have come' nahi.
व्याख्या: Third conditional ke if-clause mein 'had come' aata hai, 'would have come' nahi.
Q19. Choose the correct option: He ______ already ______ his lunch. Practice
सही उत्तर: (B) has, eaten
व्याख्या: 'Already' present perfect ka marker hai; He ke saath has + V3.
व्याख्या: 'Already' present perfect ka marker hai; He ke saath has + V3.
Q20. Choose the correct option: By the time the police arrived, the thieves ______. Practice
सही उत्तर: (C) had escaped
व्याख्या: Police aane se pehle chor bhaag chuke the — pehli past action past perfect mein.
व्याख्या: Police aane se pehle chor bhaag chuke the — pehli past action past perfect mein.