📑 Is page ke topics (Jump to Topic):
📌 1. Tense change (reporting verb past mein ho tab)
| Direct | Indirect |
|---|---|
| Simple present (writes) | Simple past (wrote) |
| Present continuous (is writing) | Past continuous (was writing) |
| Present perfect (has written) | Past perfect (had written) |
| Simple past (wrote) | Past perfect (had written) |
| Past continuous (was writing) | Past perfect continuous (had been writing) |
| will / shall / can / may | would / should / could / might |
| must (necessity) | had to |
- Reporting verb present/future mein ho (says, will say) to tense nahi badalta.
- Universal truth, habitual fact, historical fact ka tense nahi badalta.
- Past perfect, would, could, should, might, ought to — unchanged rehte hain.
📌 2. Pronoun aur time/place words
💡 Yaad rakhne ki trick: SON rule: 1st person → Subject (reporter) jaisa; 2nd person → Object (listener) jaisa; 3rd person → No change.
| Direct | Indirect |
|---|---|
| now | then |
| today | that day |
| tonight | that night |
| yesterday | the previous day / the day before |
| tomorrow | the next day / the following day |
| ago | before |
| this / these | that / those |
| here | there |
| last night | the previous night |
| next week | the following week |
📌 3. Sentence types
| Type | Reporting verb + linker | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Assertive | said to → told; that | He said to me, "I am tired." → He told me that he was tired. |
| Yes/No question | asked; if/whether | "Are you ready?" → She asked me if I was ready. (statement order, no ?) |
| Wh- question | asked; wh-word | "Where do you live?" → He asked me where I lived. |
| Imperative | ordered/requested/advised/forbade; to + V1 | "Shut the door." → He ordered me to shut the door. "Don't go." → He told me not to go. |
| Exclamatory | exclaimed with joy/sorrow; that | "What a lovely view!" → He exclaimed with joy that it was a very lovely view. |
| Let's (proposal) | suggested/proposed that … should | "Let's go out." → He suggested that they should go out. |
| Optative (wish) | wished/prayed | "May you live long!" → She prayed that I might live long. |
⚠️ Exam Traps:
- Indirect question mein question order nahi: "asked where was I going" ❌ → "asked where I was going" ✅.
- "Told" ke baad object zaroori: He told me that…; "said" ke baad object direct nahi (said to me).
📌 4. Practice MCQs
📝 Practice MCQs (SF Prep dwara taiyar — PYQ nahi)
Q1. Change into indirect speech: He said, "I am busy." Practice
सही उत्तर: (C) He said that he was busy.
व्याख्या: Reporting verb past → am becomes was; I → he.
व्याख्या: Reporting verb past → am becomes was; I → he.
Q2. Change into indirect speech: She said to me, "I will help you." Practice
सही उत्तर: (D) She told me that she would help me.
व्याख्या: said to → told; will → would; I → she; you → me.
व्याख्या: said to → told; will → would; I → she; you → me.
Q3. Change into indirect speech: He says, "I am learning French." Practice
सही उत्तर: (A) He says that he is learning French.
व्याख्या: Reporting verb present (says) — tense nahi badalta.
व्याख्या: Reporting verb present (says) — tense nahi badalta.
Q4. Change into indirect speech: The teacher said, "The sun rises in the east." Practice
सही उत्तर: (C) The teacher said that the sun rises in the east.
व्याख्या: Universal truth ka tense nahi badalta.
व्याख्या: Universal truth ka tense nahi badalta.
Q5. Change into indirect speech: She asked me, "Are you coming?" Practice
सही उत्तर: (A) She asked me if I was coming.
व्याख्या: Yes/No question → if/whether + statement order.
व्याख्या: Yes/No question → if/whether + statement order.
Q6. Change into indirect speech: He said to me, "Where do you live?" Practice
सही उत्तर: (D) He asked me where I lived.
व्याख्या: Wh-question → asked + wh-word + statement order; present → past.
व्याख्या: Wh-question → asked + wh-word + statement order; present → past.
Q7. Change into indirect speech: The officer said to the soldiers, "March forward." Practice
सही उत्तर: (B) The officer ordered the soldiers to march forward.
व्याख्या: Command → ordered + to + V1.
व्याख्या: Command → ordered + to + V1.
Q8. Change into indirect speech: Mother said to me, "Don't play in the sun." Practice
सही उत्तर: (D) Mother told me not to play in the sun.
व्याख्या: Negative imperative → told/advised + not to + V1.
व्याख्या: Negative imperative → told/advised + not to + V1.
Q9. Change into indirect speech: He said, "I wrote a letter yesterday." Practice
सही उत्तर: (B) He said that he had written a letter the previous day.
व्याख्या: Simple past → past perfect; yesterday → the previous day.
व्याख्या: Simple past → past perfect; yesterday → the previous day.
Q10. Change into indirect speech: She said, "I am leaving tomorrow." Practice
सही उत्तर: (C) She said that she was leaving the next day.
व्याख्या: is → was; tomorrow → the next day.
व्याख्या: is → was; tomorrow → the next day.
Q11. Change into indirect speech: He said, "Let's go for a picnic." Practice
सही उत्तर: (A) He suggested that they should go for a picnic.
व्याख्या: Let's (proposal) → suggested that … should.
व्याख्या: Let's (proposal) → suggested that … should.
Q12. Change into indirect speech: She said, "What a beautiful flower!" Practice
सही उत्तर: (B) She exclaimed with wonder that it was a very beautiful flower.
व्याख्या: Exclamatory → exclaimed with wonder/joy that + statement; 'what a' → 'very'.
व्याख्या: Exclamatory → exclaimed with wonder/joy that + statement; 'what a' → 'very'.
Q13. Change into indirect speech: He said, "I can swim." Practice
सही उत्तर: (D) He said that he could swim.
व्याख्या: can → could.
व्याख्या: can → could.
Q14. Change into indirect speech: He said to me, "Have you finished your work?" Practice
सही उत्तर: (A) He asked me if I had finished my work.
व्याख्या: Present perfect → past perfect; your → my; statement order.
व्याख्या: Present perfect → past perfect; your → my; statement order.
Q15. Change into direct speech: He told me that he was tired. Practice
सही उत्तर: (C) He said to me, "I am tired."
व्याख्या: Indirect 'was' direct mein 'am' banta hai; he → I.
व्याख्या: Indirect 'was' direct mein 'am' banta hai; he → I.
Q16. Change into indirect speech: She said, "I have been waiting here for an hour." Practice
सही उत्तर: (B) She said that she had been waiting there for an hour.
व्याख्या: Present perfect continuous → past perfect continuous; here → there.
व्याख्या: Present perfect continuous → past perfect continuous; here → there.
Q17. Change into indirect speech: The old man said, "May God bless you!" Practice
सही उत्तर: (C) The old man prayed that God might bless me.
व्याख्या: Wish/prayer → prayed that … might.
व्याख्या: Wish/prayer → prayed that … might.
Q18. Change into indirect speech: He said, "I must go now." Practice
सही उत्तर: (D) He said that he had to go then.
व्याख्या: must (necessity) → had to; now → then.
व्याख्या: must (necessity) → had to; now → then.
Q19. Choose the correct indirect form: He said to her, "Please wait." Practice
सही उत्तर: (A) He requested her to wait.
व्याख्या: Please wala imperative → requested + to + V1; 'please' hata dete hain.
व्याख्या: Please wala imperative → requested + to + V1; 'please' hata dete hain.
Q20. Change into indirect speech: She said, "These books are mine." Practice
सही उत्तर: (C) She said that those books were hers.
व्याख्या: these → those; are → were; mine → hers.
व्याख्या: these → those; are → were; mine → hers.