SF Prep
06 General English — Common Notes 🕒 Updated 2026-10-16
Common Notes SSC CGL · CHSL · Police · Bank · Railway Chapter 06

🔄 Active & Passive Voice (वाच्य)

Active mein subject kaam karta hai, passive mein kaam par focus hota hai. Tense-wise formula yaad ho to har conversion 20 second ka hai.

📌 1. Conversion ke steps

  • Object ko subject banao → helping verb (tense ke hisaab se) + V3 → "by + agent" (zaroori ho to).
  • Pronoun change: I→me, we→us, he→him, she→her, they→them (aur ulta).
  • Sirf transitive verbs ka passive banta hai (object chahiye). "He sleeps" ka passive nahi.
  • By people/someone/somebody/everyone — passive mein aksar hata dete hain.

📌 2. Tense-wise formula

TenseActivePassive
Simple PresentHe writes a letter.A letter is written by him.
Present ContinuousHe is writing a letter.A letter is being written by him.
Present PerfectHe has written a letter.A letter has been written by him.
Simple PastHe wrote a letter.A letter was written by him.
Past ContinuousHe was writing a letter.A letter was being written by him.
Past PerfectHe had written a letter.A letter had been written by him.
Simple FutureHe will write a letter.A letter will be written by him.
Future PerfectHe will have written a letter.A letter will have been written by him.
ModalsHe can/must write a letter.A letter can/must be written by him.
💡 Yaad rakhne ki trick: Perfect continuous tenses aur future continuous ka passive generally nahi banate — exam mein "no passive" ya avoid wala option dekho.

📌 3. Special cases

TypeActivePassive
ImperativeOpen the door.Let the door be opened. / You are requested to open the door.
Request (please)Please help me.You are requested to help me.
Yes/No questionDid he write a letter?Was a letter written by him?
Wh- questionWho wrote this?By whom was this written?
Wh- questionWhy did he beat you?Why were you beaten by him?
Two objectsHe gave me a book.I was given a book by him. / A book was given to me.
LetLet me do it.Let it be done by me.
InfinitiveIt is time to close the shop.It is time for the shop to be closed.
⚠️ Exam Traps:
  • Kuch verbs ke saath "by" nahi, doosra preposition: known to, pleased with, surprised at, filled with, interested in, married to.
  • "Who" (subject) ka passive "By whom"; "Whom" (object) ka passive "Who".

📌 4. Practice MCQs

📝 Practice MCQs (SF Prep dwara taiyar — PYQ nahi)
Q1. Change into passive voice: She sings a song. Practice
(A) A song was sung by her.
(B) A song is being sung by her.
(C) A song is sung by her.
(D) A song has been sung by her.
सही उत्तर: (C) A song is sung by her.
व्याख्या: Simple present: is/am/are + V3.
Q2. Change into passive voice: They are building a bridge. Practice
(A) A bridge is being built by them.
(B) A bridge is built by them.
(C) A bridge was being built by them.
(D) A bridge has been built by them.
सही उत्तर: (A) A bridge is being built by them.
व्याख्या: Present continuous: is/am/are + being + V3.
Q3. Change into passive voice: He has completed the work. Practice
(A) The work had been completed by him.
(B) The work has been completed by him.
(C) The work is completed by him.
(D) The work was completed by him.
सही उत्तर: (B) The work has been completed by him.
व्याख्या: Present perfect: has/have + been + V3.
Q4. Change into passive voice: The police caught the thief. Practice
(A) The thief is caught by the police.
(B) The thief had been caught by the police.
(C) The thief has been caught by the police.
(D) The thief was caught by the police.
सही उत्तर: (D) The thief was caught by the police.
व्याख्या: Simple past: was/were + V3.
Q5. Change into passive voice: The cat was chasing the mouse. Practice
(A) The mouse was being chased by the cat.
(B) The mouse was chased by the cat.
(C) The mouse had been chased by the cat.
(D) The mouse is being chased by the cat.
सही उत्तर: (A) The mouse was being chased by the cat.
व्याख्या: Past continuous: was/were + being + V3.
Q6. Change into passive voice: You must obey the rules. Practice
(A) The rules must obeyed by you.
(B) The rules must have been obeyed by you.
(C) The rules must be obeyed by you.
(D) The rules must being obeyed by you.
सही उत्तर: (C) The rules must be obeyed by you.
व्याख्या: Modal + be + V3.
Q7. Change into passive voice: Open the window. Practice
(A) The window is opened.
(B) Let the window be opened.
(C) The window should opened.
(D) Let the window open.
सही उत्तर: (B) Let the window be opened.
व्याख्या: Imperative ka passive: Let + object + be + V3.
Q8. Change into passive voice: Please lend me your pen. Practice
(A) Your pen is lent to me.
(B) Let your pen be lent please.
(C) You are requested to lend me your pen.
(D) Your pen is requested to be lent.
सही उत्तर: (C) You are requested to lend me your pen.
व्याख्या: Request (please) wale imperative ka passive: You are requested to …
Q9. Change into passive voice: Who broke this glass? Practice
(A) Who was this glass broken by whom?
(B) By whom this glass was broken?
(C) Whom was this glass broken?
(D) By whom was this glass broken?
सही उत्तर: (D) By whom was this glass broken?
व्याख्या: Who → By whom; question form: By whom + was + subject + V3?
Q10. Change into passive voice: Did she cook the food? Practice
(A) Was the food cooked by her?
(B) Is the food cooked by her?
(C) Did the food cooked by her?
(D) Had the food been cooked by her?
सही उत्तर: (A) Was the food cooked by her?
व्याख्या: Did (past) → was/were + V3 question.
Q11. Change into passive voice: He will have finished the novel. Practice
(A) The novel will be finished by him.
(B) The novel would have finished by him.
(C) The novel will have been finished by him.
(D) The novel will have finished by him.
सही उत्तर: (C) The novel will have been finished by him.
व्याख्या: Future perfect: will have been + V3.
Q12. Change into active voice: The letter was posted by Ravi. Practice
(A) Ravi posted the letter.
(B) Ravi posts the letter.
(C) Ravi has posted the letter.
(D) Ravi had posted the letter.
सही उत्तर: (A) Ravi posted the letter.
व्याख्या: was + V3 = simple past → Ravi posted.
Q13. Choose the correct passive: His behaviour surprised me. Practice
(A) I was surprised by his behaviours.
(B) I am surprised at his behaviour.
(C) I was surprise by his behaviour.
(D) I was surprised at his behaviour.
सही उत्तर: (D) I was surprised at his behaviour.
व्याख्या: Surprise ke passive mein 'at' lagta hai, aur tense past hai.
Q14. Choose the correct passive: Everyone knows him. Practice
(A) He is known by everyone.
(B) He is known to everyone.
(C) He was known to everyone.
(D) He is knowing to everyone.
सही उत्तर: (B) He is known to everyone.
व्याख्या: 'Know' ke passive mein 'to' lagta hai.
Q15. Change into passive voice: Why did he scold you? Practice
(A) Why was you scolded by him?
(B) Why did you scolded by him?
(C) Why you were scolded by him?
(D) Why were you scolded by him?
सही उत्तर: (D) Why were you scolded by him?
व्याख्या: Why + was/were + subject + V3; 'you' ke saath 'were'.
Q16. Change into passive voice: The teacher gave me a prize. Practice
(A) I am given a prize by the teacher.
(B) I was given a prize by the teacher.
(C) A prize had been given to me by the teacher.
(D) I was gave a prize by the teacher.
सही उत्तर: (B) I was given a prize by the teacher.
व्याख्या: Two objects — personal object 'me' ko subject banao: I was given…
Q17. Change into passive voice: Let me do this work. Practice
(A) Let this work done by me.
(B) This work is done by me.
(C) Let this work be done by me.
(D) Let me be done this work.
सही उत्तर: (C) Let this work be done by me.
व्याख्या: Let + object + be + V3 + by + agent.
Q18. Change into passive voice: Somebody has stolen my bag. Practice
(A) My bag has been stolen.
(B) My bag has stolen by somebody.
(C) My bag was stolen by somebody.
(D) My bag is being stolen.
सही उत्तर: (A) My bag has been stolen.
व्याख्या: Present perfect passive; 'by somebody' hata dete hain.
Q19. Change into passive voice: Whom did you call? Practice
(A) Whom was called by you?
(B) Who was called by you?
(C) By whom were you called?
(D) Who called you?
सही उत्तर: (B) Who was called by you?
व्याख्या: Whom (object) passive mein 'Who' banta hai.
Q20. Which sentence cannot be changed into passive voice? Practice
(A) The baby drinks milk.
(B) The baby broke the toy.
(C) The baby likes the song.
(D) The baby sleeps peacefully.
सही उत्तर: (D) The baby sleeps peacefully.
व्याख्या: 'Sleeps' intransitive hai — object nahi, isliye passive nahi banta.

📝 Practice questions

General English — Practice MCQs Ch 6: Active & Passive Voice
📝 Test this chapter Practice questions

Practice MCQs prepared by SF Prep (not PYQs). Rules checked against standard grammar references.