UPSSSC Current Affairs Quiz — All time
Daily news by your exam, state and topic — each with a short summary, key facts and MCQs.
Through which platform did the Agriculture Ministry send AI-based monsoon forecasts by SMS to about 3.8 crore farmers in 2025?
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Correct answer: B — m-Kisan
The ministry sent AI-based monsoon forecasts via SMS through m-Kisan to nearly 3.8 crore farmers across 13 states.
The AI-based monsoon forecasts sent to farmers in 2025 blended which two open-access models?
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Correct answer: C — Google's NeuralGCM and ECMWF's AIFS
The forecasts used by the ministry were a blend of Google's NeuralGCM and the ECMWF's Artificial Intelligence Forecasting System (AIFS), which outperformed other forecasts at predicting local monsoon onset.
What was India's CPI-based retail inflation (provisional) for August 2025?
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Correct answer: C — 2.07%
All India CPI inflation was 2.07% (provisional) in August 2025, 46 basis points higher than in July; 0.52% was the WPI figure for August.
What was the base year of the CPI series used for the August 2025 inflation release?
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Correct answer: B — 2012
The release gives Consumer Price Index numbers on base 2012=100 for rural, urban and combined.
Consider the following statements about CPI data for August 2025: 1. Food inflation based on CFPI was negative for the third consecutive month. 2. Rural headline inflation was higher than urban headline inflation. Which of the above is/are correct?
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Correct answer: A — 1 only
Statement 1 is correct: CFPI food inflation was -0.69%, negative for the third month in a row. Statement 2 is incorrect: rural inflation was 1.69% while urban inflation was 2.47%.
Which EU Commissioner addressed the 65th Annual Session of ACMA on 12 September 2025 and said India and the EU aim to finalise their FTA by year-end?
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Correct answer: A — Maroš Šefčovič
Maroš Šefčovič, EU Commissioner for Trade and Economic Security, said India and the EU were negotiating a ground-breaking FTA with unprecedented momentum and working to finalise it by year-end.
At the annual session of which industry body did Piyush Goyal speak about the India–EU FTA on 12 September 2025?
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Correct answer: D — Automotive Component Manufacturers Association (ACMA)
Goyal addressed the 65th Annual Session of the Automotive Component Manufacturers Association (ACMA), saying the FTA would open new opportunities for the auto component sector.
In which Indian city did PM Modi hold talks with Mauritius PM Navinchandra Ramgoolam on 11 September 2025?
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Correct answer: B — Varanasi
PM Modi welcomed PM Ramgoolam to his parliamentary constituency, Kashi (Varanasi), where the talks and joint press statement took place.
Which of the following is a grant project in India's special economic package for Mauritius announced in September 2025?
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Correct answer: C — New Sir Seewoosagur Ramgoolam National Hospital
The new SSR National Hospital is among the grant projects (with an AYUSH Centre of Excellence, a veterinary school and helicopters); Motorway M4, the ATC tower and Ring Road Phase II are grant-cum-LoC projects.
India agreed in principle to assist Mauritius in developing and surveilling which area, as part of the September 2025 package?
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Correct answer: A — Chagos Marine Protected Area
On the strategic side, the two sides agreed in principle on redevelopment of a port in Mauritius and assistance in development and surveillance of the Chagos Marine Protected Area.
How much budgetary assistance did India agree in principle to extend to Mauritius in the current financial year (2025-26)?
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Correct answer: D — USD 25 million
India agreed in principle to extend budgetary assistance of USD 25 million in the current financial year.
Consider the following outcomes of the Mauritius PM's state visit to India in September 2025: 1. An agreement was signed to establish a telemetry, tracking and telecommunication station for satellites and launch vehicles. 2. NTPC will work towards a 17.5 MW floating solar PV project at Tamarind Falls. Which of the above is/are correct?
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Correct answer: C — Both 1 and 2
Both are correct: the list of outcomes includes the space telemetry, tracking and telecommunication station agreement and an announcement to take forward a 17.5 MW floating solar PV project at Tamarind Falls, with an NTPC team to finalise an agreement with CEB.
After the September 2025 expansion, at how many airports is the Fast Track Immigration–Trusted Traveller Programme (FTI-TTP) operational?
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Correct answer: B — 13
With Lucknow, Thiruvananthapuram, Trichy, Kozhikode and Amritsar added on 11 September 2025, Amit Shah said FTI-TTP is operational at a total of 13 airports.
Which of the following airports was NOT among the five added to FTI-TTP on 11 September 2025?
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Correct answer: D — Jaipur
The five airports added were Lucknow, Thiruvananthapuram, Trichy, Kozhikode and Amritsar.
Which two upcoming airports does the Home Ministry plan to integrate with FTI-TTP?
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Correct answer: A — Navi Mumbai and Jewar
Amit Shah said the Ministry of Home Affairs has planned to integrate the programme with the upcoming Navi Mumbai and Jewar airports.
Where did IIM Ahmedabad open its first-ever overseas campus in September 2025?
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Correct answer: D — Dubai
The Crown Prince of Dubai inaugurated IIM Ahmedabad's first-ever overseas campus in Dubai on 11 September 2025.
Who inaugurated the IIM Ahmedabad campus in Dubai on 11 September 2025?
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Correct answer: A — Sheikh Hamdan bin Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum
The campus was inaugurated by Sheikh Hamdan bin Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Crown Prince of Dubai, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Defence of the UAE.
By which year does India target indigenous solar cell manufacturing, as announced by the MNRE Minister in September 2025?
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Correct answer: B — 2028
Pralhad Joshi said India targets indigenous solar cell manufacturing by 2028 and is moving towards domestic wafers and ingots.
As of September 2025, India's non-fossil fuel capacity had crossed about how much, against its 2030 target of 500 GW?
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Correct answer: D — 251.5 GW
Joshi said India has crossed 251.5 GW of non-fossil capacity, achieving over half of its 2030 target of 500 GW.
Under the ECI's polling station rationalisation reviewed in September 2025, no polling station should have more than how many electors?
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Correct answer: C — 1,200
The Commission reviewed rationalisation of polling stations to ensure that no polling station has over 1,200 electors.
The ECI's conference of Chief Electoral Officers on 10 September 2025 assessed preparedness for which exercise?
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Correct answer: B — Nationwide Special Intensive Revision (SIR) of electoral rolls
The Commission assessed the preparedness of the offices of CEOs of all States/UTs for the nationwide SIR exercise.
Where was the ECI's conference of Chief Electoral Officers held on 10 September 2025?
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Correct answer: A — India International Institute for Democracy and Election Management (IIIDEM), New Delhi
The third CEOs' conference of the year was held at IIIDEM in New Delhi.
World Suicide Prevention Day is observed on which date?
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Correct answer: B — 10 September
The Ministry of Education's release marked World Suicide Prevention Day on 10 September 2025.
According to NCRB's 2022 report cited by the Education Ministry, students accounted for what share of all suicide deaths in India?
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Correct answer: D — 7.6%
The ministry cited NCRB's 2022 report: 13,044 students died by suicide, accounting for 7.6% of all suicide deaths.
With which leader did PM Modi speak on 10 September 2025, condemning the violation of his country's sovereignty after attacks in its capital?
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Correct answer: D — Amir of Qatar
PM Modi spoke with Qatar's Amir Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani, expressed deep concern over the attacks in Doha and condemned the violation of Qatar's sovereignty.
During the call of 10 September 2025, PM Modi appreciated Qatar's mediation efforts in which conflict?
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Correct answer: A — Gaza
The PM appreciated Qatar's role in promoting regional peace, including its mediation efforts in Gaza to achieve a ceasefire and release of all hostages.
The CCS rules released on 10 September 2025 enable Central Government employees to choose between NPS and which scheme?
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Correct answer: C — Unified Pension Scheme (UPS)
The CCS (Implementation of the Unified Pension Scheme under the National Pension System) Rules, 2025 let employees choose between NPS and the newly introduced UPS.
At which event were the CCS (Implementation of UPS under NPS) Rules, 2025 released?
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Correct answer: A — 14th Pension Adalat at Vigyan Bhawan
Jitendra Singh released the rules during the 14th Pension Adalat held at Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi, on 10 September 2025.
Which Prime Minister of Nepal resigned on 9 September 2025 following youth-led 'Gen Z' protests?
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Correct answer: C — K.P. Sharma Oli
K.P. Sharma Oli resigned on 9 September 2025 after protests sparked by a social media ban turned deadly.
Which body did Prime Minister Narendra Modi chair on 9 September 2025 to discuss the developments in Nepal?
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Correct answer: A — Cabinet Committee on Security
On his return from Himachal Pradesh and Punjab, the PM chaired a meeting of the Cabinet Committee on Security to discuss the developments in Nepal.
What immediately triggered the 'Gen Z' protests in Nepal that led to the Prime Minister's resignation in September 2025?
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Correct answer: D — A ban on social media platforms
Reuters and AP reported that the outrage was sparked by a ban on social media platforms, alongside anger over corruption.
Consider the following statements about the Nepal crisis of September 2025: 1. The Nepal government kept the social media ban in force even after 19 people were killed on 8 September. 2. Sushila Karki became interim Prime Minister on the same day that K.P. Sharma Oli resigned. Which of the above is/are correct?
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Correct answer: D — Neither 1 nor 2
Neither is correct: the government lifted the ban after 19 people were killed on 8 September, and Oli resigned on 9 September while Karki was sworn in on 12 September.
How many votes did C.P. Radhakrishnan secure in the Vice-Presidential election of 9 September 2025?
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Correct answer: A — 452
Returning Officer P.C. Mody declared Radhakrishnan elected with 452 first-preference votes; B. Sudershan Reddy received 300.
Who was the Returning Officer for the Vice-Presidential election of 2025?
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Correct answer: D — Secretary General of the Rajya Sabha
The ECI said the Returning Officer was the Secretary General of the Rajya Sabha; P.C. Mody announced the result.
Out of 781 eligible electors in the Vice-Presidential election of September 2025, how many cast their votes?
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Correct answer: B — 767
The ECI said 767 of the 781 eligible electors voted and 15 ballot papers were declared invalid, leaving 752 valid votes.
Consider the following statements about the Vice-Presidential election of 2025: 1. With 15 ballots declared invalid, the majority of first-preference votes required to win was 377. 2. The certificate of election was signed by the Chief Election Commissioner and Election Commissioners on 9 September 2025, the day of the poll. Which of the above is/are correct?
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Correct answer: C — 1 only
Only statement 1 is correct. With 752 valid votes the required majority was 377, but the ECI said the certificate of election was signed on 10 September 2025, the day after the poll.
Where was the 28th Universal Postal Congress, at which India launched the UPI–UPU Integration project, held in September 2025?
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Correct answer: D — Dubai
Jyotiraditya Scindia unveiled the UPI–UPU Integration project at the 28th Universal Postal Congress in Dubai, UAE.
The UPI–UPU Integration project links India's UPI with which UPU system?
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Correct answer: B — UPU Interconnection Platform (IP)
The project integrates India's Unified Payments Interface (UPI) with the UPU Interconnection Platform (IP), combining the postal network's reach with UPI's speed and affordability.
How much financial support did India commit to the global postal sector during this UPU cycle, as announced at the Dubai Congress?
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Correct answer: C — USD 10 million
Scindia announced India's commitment of 10 million dollars during this cycle to channel technology into innovation, with special focus on e-commerce and digital payments.
Consider the following statements about the UPI–UPU Integration project: 1. It was developed jointly by the Department of Posts, NPCI International Payments Limited and the Universal Postal Union. 2. At the Congress, India announced its candidature for the UPU's Council of Administration and Postal Operations Council. Which of the above is/are correct?
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Correct answer: C — Both 1 and 2
Both are correct: the project was developed by the Department of Posts, NIPL and the UPU, and Scindia announced India's candidature for the Council of Administration and the Postal Operations Council.
How many new Indian fishery establishments did the European Union list for exports, as announced in September 2025?
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Correct answer: D — 102
The EU listed 102 new Indian fishery establishments for export to EU member countries in 2025.
Which Indian body implements the official control mechanisms whose robustness led to the EU listing of 102 new fishery establishments?
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Correct answer: B — Export Inspection Council (EIC)
The ministry said the meetings built confidence in India's robust official control mechanisms implemented by the Export Inspection Council (EIC).
In ESIC's SPREE-2025 initiative, what does 'SPREE' stand for?
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Correct answer: A — Scheme for Promoting Registration of Employers and Employees
SPREE-2025 is the Scheme for Promoting Registration of Employers and Employees, operational till 31 December 2025.
ESIC's AMNESTY Scheme-2025 is a one-time dispute resolution scheme in force during which period?
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Correct answer: C — 1 October 2025 – 30 September 2026
The AMNESTY Scheme-2025 is in effect from 1 October 2025 to 30 September 2026 to settle issues related to damages, interest and coverage under the ESI Act.
Under which law/order are biostimulants regulated in India, following a notification of February 2021?
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Correct answer: C — Fertilizer Control Order, 1985
Notification S.O. 882(E) of 23 February 2021 included biostimulants in the Fertilizer Control Order, 1985, with Clause 20C providing for quality regulation; pesticides and plant growth regulators remain under the Insecticides Act, 1968.
Consider the following statements about biostimulant regulation in India: 1. Only 146 biostimulant products have so far been included in Schedule VI of the Fertilizer Control Order. 2. Plant growth regulators are classified as biostimulants under the Fertilizer Control Order. Which of the above is/are correct?
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Correct answer: A — 1 only
Statement 1 is correct as per the ministry. Statement 2 is incorrect: the FCO definition of biostimulant excludes pesticides and plant growth regulators, which are regulated under the Insecticides Act, 1968.
In which country was the multilateral military exercise ZAPAD 2025, joined by an Indian contingent, held?
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Correct answer: A — Russia
The Indian contingent departed for the Mulino Training Ground, Nizhniy, Russia, for ZAPAD 2025 held from 10 to 16 September 2025.
A battalion of which regiment led the Indian Army component at Exercise ZAPAD 2025?
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Correct answer: A — Kumaon Regiment
The Indian Army contingent was led by a battalion of the Kumaon Regiment along with troops from other arms and services.
What was the strength of the Indian Armed Forces contingent for ZAPAD 2025?
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Correct answer: B — 65
The contingent had 65 personnel: 57 from the Indian Army, 7 from the Indian Air Force and 1 from the Indian Navy.
Who signed the India–Israel Bilateral Investment Agreement on behalf of Israel in New Delhi on 8 September 2025?
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Correct answer: C — Bezalel Smotrich
Israel's Finance Minister Bezalel Smotrich signed the BIA with Union Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman.
According to the Government of India, what is the present level of bilateral investment between India and Israel, cited at the signing of the BIA in September 2025?
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Correct answer: A — About USD 800 million
The release said bilateral investments presently stand at a total of USD 800 million.
Consider the following statements about the India–Israel Bilateral Investment Agreement signed in September 2025: 1. It provides an independent dispute resolution mechanism through arbitration. 2. It removes the host State's right to regulate in the public interest in favour of investor protection. Which of the above is/are correct?
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Correct answer: A — 1 only
The BIA provides arbitration-based dispute resolution, but the government said it balances investor protection with the State's regulatory rights, preserving policy space. So only statement 1 is correct.
Which of the following was NOT listed as an area of cooperation committed to by the Finance Ministers of India and Israel at the BIA signing in September 2025?
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Correct answer: D — Joint space exploration
The ministers committed to cooperation in fintech innovation, infrastructure development, financial regulation and digital payment connectivity; space exploration was not listed.
Which French Prime Minister lost a confidence vote in the National Assembly on 8 September 2025?
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Correct answer: D — François Bayrou
François Bayrou and his minority government were ousted in the confidence vote on 8 September 2025.
What was the result of the confidence vote that brought down the French government on 8 September 2025?
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Correct answer: C — 364 against, 194 for
Reuters, AP and the BBC reported 364 votes against Bayrou and 194 in his favour.
The French government's confidence vote of 8 September 2025 was centred on which issue?
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Correct answer: A — Plans to cut spending and rein in national debt
Bayrou staked his government on winning support for plans to cut public spending and tame the ballooning national debt.
Which country's Prime Minister, Shigeru Ishiba, announced his resignation on 7 September 2025?
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Correct answer: B — Japan
Shigeru Ishiba, Prime Minister of Japan, announced his resignation on 7 September 2025.
Shigeru Ishiba resigned as president of which party in September 2025?
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Correct answer: C — Liberal Democratic Party
Ishiba said he was stepping down as prime minister and as head of the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP).
Before announcing his resignation in September 2025, Japan's PM Shigeru Ishiba said he had waited for the conclusion of which negotiations?
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Correct answer: A — Negotiations on US tariff measures
Ishiba said he waited until negotiations on US tariff measures reached a conclusion before stepping aside.
Consider the following statements about Shigeru Ishiba's resignation announced on 7 September 2025: 1. It followed his party's historic defeat in the July 2025 upper house election. 2. Ishiba said he would continue his duties until a successor was chosen. Which of the above is/are correct?
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Correct answer: C — Both 1 and 2
Reuters, AP and the BBC reported that Ishiba faced pressure after the July 2025 election defeat and said he would continue his duties until a successor was selected. Both statements are correct.
According to IMD, how long did the totality of the lunar eclipse of 7–8 September 2025 last?
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Correct answer: A — 1 hour 23 minutes
IMD said totality lasted from 23:00 IST on 7 September to 00:23 IST on 8 September, a duration of 1 hour 23 minutes; the whole eclipse lasted 3 hours 30 minutes.
As per IMD, when will the next lunar eclipse visible from India occur after the one of 7–8 September 2025?
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Correct answer: D — 3 March 2026
IMD said the next lunar eclipse visible from India will be on 3 March 2026, and it will be a total lunar eclipse.
Which unit of the India Meteorological Department issued the official press release on the total lunar eclipse of September 2025?
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Correct answer: B — Positional Astronomical Centre, Kolkata
The press release was issued by IMD's Positional Astronomical Centre, Kolkata, under the Ministry of Earth Sciences.
Who won the US Open 2025 women's singles title?
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Correct answer: D — Aryna Sabalenka
Aryna Sabalenka beat Amanda Anisimova 6-3, 7-6 (3) in the final to retain her title.
Aryna Sabalenka, who won the US Open 2025, represents which country?
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Correct answer: A — Belarus
AP describes Aryna Sabalenka as being from Belarus.
Consider the following statements about Aryna Sabalenka's US Open 2025 win: 1. It was her fourth Grand Slam singles title. 2. She became the first woman since Serena Williams in 2014 to win back-to-back US Open titles. Which of the above is/are correct?
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Correct answer: C — Both 1 and 2
AP and the BBC reported it was her fourth major and her second straight US Open; the BBC said she was the first woman to retain the title since Serena Williams in 2014. Both statements are correct.
Which Indian naval ship visited Papua New Guinea for its 50th Independence Day celebrations, with the Indian Navy Band performing at the Port Moresby Military Tattoo?
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Correct answer: A — INS Kadmatt
The Indian Navy Band was embarked on INS Kadmatt for the visit to Papua New Guinea.
During INS Kadmatt's visit to Papua New Guinea in September 2025, the crew paid homage at which war cemetery?
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Correct answer: D — Bomana War Cemetery
The crew paid homage at the Bomana War Cemetery, honouring fallen WWII soldiers including many Indians.
President Emmanuel Macron accepted India's invitation to which summit, to be hosted by India in February 2026?
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Correct answer: B — AI Impact Summit
PM Modi thanked President Macron for accepting the invitation to the AI Impact Summit hosted by India in February 2026.
Which roadmap guiding the India–France Strategic Partnership was mentioned in the Modi–Macron call of 6 September 2025, along with the Indo-Pacific and Defence Industrial Roadmaps?
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Correct answer: C — Horizon 2047 Roadmap
The leaders reaffirmed commitment in line with the Horizon 2047 Roadmap, the Indo-Pacific Roadmap and the Defence Industrial Roadmap.
Which conflict did PM Modi and President Macron discuss during their call on 6 September 2025, with India reiterating support for a peaceful resolution?
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Correct answer: A — The conflict in Ukraine
The leaders exchanged views on recent efforts to end the conflict in Ukraine.
Consider the following statements about the Modi–Macron telephone call of 6 September 2025: 1. The leaders reviewed cooperation in sectors including defence, science, technology and space. 2. The leaders announced a new India–France free trade agreement. Which of the above is/are correct?
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Correct answer: A — 1 only
The PIB release says the leaders assessed cooperation across economic, defence, science, technology and space sectors; it does not mention any free trade agreement. So only statement 1 is correct.
How did PM Modi describe the India–US relationship while reciprocating President Trump's sentiments on 6 September 2025?
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Correct answer: B — Comprehensive and Global Strategic Partnership
PM Modi said India and the US have a very positive and forward-looking Comprehensive and Global Strategic Partnership.
On 6 September 2025, PM Modi said he 'deeply appreciates and fully reciprocates' the sentiments of which leader about bilateral ties?
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Correct answer: A — Donald Trump
PM Modi said he deeply appreciates and fully reciprocates President Trump's sentiments and positive assessment of India–US ties.
Where was the SCO Trade Ministers' Meeting held on 6 September 2025?
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Correct answer: D — Vladivostok
The SCO Trade Ministers' Meeting was held in Vladivostok on 6 September 2025.
According to India's statement at the SCO Trade Ministers' Meeting in September 2025, the SCO accounts for what share of global trade?
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Correct answer: A — 17.2%
India noted the SCO accounts for 42% of the world's population and 17.2% of global trade.
At the SCO Trade Ministers' Meeting in September 2025, India sought a permanent solution on 'Public Stockholding (PSH)'. In WTO negotiations, PSH relates to:
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Correct answer: B — Public stockholding of food grains for food security purposes
India called for a permanent solution on Public Stockholding (PSH) for food security purposes, along with effective special and differential treatment.
Who represented the Union Commerce Minister at the SCO Trade Ministers' Meeting in Vladivostok on 6 September 2025?
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Correct answer: C — Amitabh Kumar, Additional Secretary, Department of Commerce
Amitabh Kumar, Additional Secretary, Department of Commerce, represented the Union Minister of Commerce and Industry.
Under IEPFA's September 2025 proposal for simplified documentation, what is the claim value limit for demat securities?
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Correct answer: D — Up to ₹15 lakh
The proposals would apply to claims up to ₹5 lakh (physical securities), ₹15 lakh (demat securities) and dividends up to ₹10,000.
The Investor Education and Protection Fund Authority (IEPFA) functions under which ministry?
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Correct answer: B — Ministry of Corporate Affairs
IEPFA was established on 7 September 2016 under the Ministry of Corporate Affairs.
In which year was the Investor Education and Protection Fund Authority (IEPFA) established?
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Correct answer: C — 2016
IEPFA was established on 7 September 2016 under the Ministry of Corporate Affairs.
Who was elected Prime Minister of Thailand by the House of Representatives on 5 September 2025?
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Correct answer: D — Anutin Charnvirakul
Bhumjaithai leader Anutin Charnvirakul won 311 votes to become Prime Minister.
Anutin Charnvirakul, elected Thailand's Prime Minister in September 2025, leads which party?
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Correct answer: B — Bhumjaithai Party
Anutin is the leader of the Bhumjaithai Party; his rival Chaikasem Nitisiri was Pheu Thai's candidate.
Anutin Charnvirakul succeeded which Thai Prime Minister, who had been dismissed by court order?
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Correct answer: A — Paetongtarn Shinawatra
AP reported Anutin succeeds Paetongtarn Shinawatra, dismissed as prime minister by court order the previous week.
Consider the following statements about Thailand's prime ministerial vote of 5 September 2025: 1. Anutin Charnvirakul won 311 votes against a majority threshold of 247. 2. Anutin was formally appointed by parliament itself, with no role for the King. Which of the above is/are correct?
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Correct answer: A — 1 only
Anutin won 311 votes, above the 247 needed. AP reported he would take office after formal appointment by King Maha Vajiralongkorn, so statement 2 is wrong.
Which institution topped the Overall category of the NIRF India Rankings 2025?
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Correct answer: D — IIT Madras
IIT Madras retained first position in the Overall category for the seventh consecutive year (2019–2025).
Which institution topped the Universities category in NIRF India Rankings 2025 for the tenth consecutive year?
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Correct answer: A — IISc Bengaluru
IISc Bengaluru topped the Universities category for the tenth consecutive year (2016–2025).
Which new category was introduced in the NIRF India Rankings in 2025?
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Correct answer: D — Sustainable Development Goals
The Sustainable Development Goals category was added in 2025; Open and Skill Universities were added in 2024 and Innovation in 2023.
Consider the following statements about the National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF): 1. NIRF was launched by the Ministry of Education in September 2015. 2. In the 2025 rankings, IIT Madras was first in Engineering for the tenth consecutive year. Which of the above is/are correct?
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Correct answer: C — Both 1 and 2
NIRF was launched in September 2015, the first rankings came out in 2016, and IIT Madras has topped Engineering every year from 2016 to 2025. Both statements are correct.