Science & Technology Current Affairs Quiz — All time
Daily news by your exam, state and topic — each with a short summary, key facts and MCQs.
At the first convocation of AIIMS Kalyani on 30 July 2025, the President recalled that the foundation stone of the planned city of Kalyani was laid by:
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Correct answer: D — Dr Bidhan Chandra Roy
The President noted that Dr Bidhan Chandra Roy laid the foundation stone of Kalyani.
As per telecom subscription data as on 30 June 2025, India's overall tele-density was about:
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Correct answer: D — 86.09%
PIB (29 July 2025): overall tele-density was 86.09% (urban 133.56%, rural 59.43%).
How many broadband subscribers did India have as on 30 June 2025, as per the Ministry of Communications?
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Correct answer: A — 979.71 million
PIB: total broadband subscribers were 979.71 million (935.02 million wireless + 44.69 million wireline). 1,218.36 million is total telephone subscribers.
The Pralay missile, flight-tested twice by DRDO on 28-29 July 2025, is best described as a:
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Correct answer: C — Solid-propellant quasi-ballistic missile
PIB: Pralay is an indigenously developed solid propellant quasi-ballistic missile.
Which DRDO laboratory led the development of the Pralay missile system?
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Correct answer: A — Research Centre Imarat (RCI)
PIB: the system has been developed by Research Centre Imarat in collaboration with other DRDO labs such as DRDL, ASL, ARDE, HEMRL, DMRL and TBRL.
Consider the following statements about the Pralay flight-tests of July 2025: 1. They were conducted from Dr APJ Abdul Kalam island off Odisha. 2. They were part of User Evaluation Trials to validate maximum and minimum range. 3. Bharat Dynamics Limited and Bharat Electronics Limited are industry partners. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
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Correct answer: D — 1, 2 and 3
PIB: all three statements are stated in the release.
To make electrochromic smart windows cheaper, CeNS Bengaluru researchers (July 2025) replaced tungsten oxide (WO3) with films of:
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Correct answer: C — Titanium dioxide (TiO2)
PIB (29 July 2025): the CeNS team demonstrated a cost-effective alternative by replacing WO3 with TiO2 films.
Scientists of which institute reported rapid carbonate precipitation at the Puga valley hot springs in Ladakh, linked to origin-of-life research (July 2025)?
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Correct answer: B — Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences
PIB (29 July 2025): scientists from the Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences (BSIP), a DST autonomous institute, made the observation in Puga valley.
Which office released the Revised Guidelines for Examination of Computer Related Inventions (CRIs), 2025 on 29 July 2025?
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Correct answer: B — Controller General of Patents, Designs & Trade Marks
PIB (29 July 2025): the Office of the Controller General of Patents, Designs & Trade Marks (CGPDTM) released the revised CRI Guidelines, 2025.
Which Foundation Day of the Ministry of Earth Sciences was marked on 28 July 2025?
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Correct answer: B — 19th
PIB (28 July 2025): the 19th Foundation Day of the Ministry of Earth Sciences was marked at an event in New Delhi.
As stated at the MoES Foundation Day 2025, the number of Doppler weather radars in India has increased from 15 to:
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Correct answer: D — 41
PIB: Jitendra Singh noted that Doppler weather radars had increased from just 15 to 41.
Consider the following statements about the products launched on the 19th Foundation Day of MoES: 1. 14 products and initiatives were launched, including BharatFS-ERP. 2. They included seismic microzonation studies of four Indian cities. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
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Correct answer: A — Both 1 and 2
PIB: 14 major products and initiatives were launched, including BharatFS-ERP and seismic microzonation studies of four Indian cities. Both correct.
SHAPE 2025, the first Armed Forces national conference on sustainable hospital planning, was hosted in July 2025 by:
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Correct answer: D — Army Hospital Research & Referral, New Delhi
PIB (27 July 2025): the Department of Hospital Administration at AHRR, New Delhi, organised SHAPE 2025 on 26-27 July 2025.
TEMA India Ltd's facility commissioned on 26 July 2025 is India's first private test facility for:
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Correct answer: D — Upgradation of depleted heavy water
PIB (26 July 2025): TEMA India commissioned the country's first private test facility for the upgradation of depleted heavy water.
Consider the following statements about the TEMA India facility (July 2025): 1. It was built under technology transfer from BARC and a purchase order from NPCIL. 2. Its first consignment of distillation column sections is meant for Pressurised Heavy Water Reactors. 3. Before this, such testing infrastructure existed only with NPCIL. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
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Correct answer: C — 1 and 2 only
PIB: the facility was built under BARC technology transfer and an NPCIL purchase order, and the modules are for PHWRs. Until now the testing infrastructure existed solely within BARC, not NPCIL, so statement 3 is wrong.
The first consignment from TEMA India's depleted heavy water test facility, commissioned on 26 July 2025, comprised distillation column sections for PHWRs including which units?
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Correct answer: C — Kaiga Units 5 & 6
Kaiga Units 5 & 6; the first consignment had eight distillation column sections.
Where were the flight-trials of DRDO's ULPGM-V3, announced on 25 July 2025, carried out?
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Correct answer: A — National Open Area Range, Kurnool
PIB (25 July 2025): DRDO carried out flight-trials of ULPGM-V3 at the National Open Area Range (NOAR) test range in Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh.
The UAV from which ULPGM-V3 was released during its July 2025 trials was developed by:
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Correct answer: B — Newspace Research Technologies, Bengaluru
PIB: the missile was released from a UAV indigenously developed by Indian start-up Newspace Research Technologies, Bengaluru.
Consider the following statements about ULPGM-V3 (July 2025): 1. It is an enhanced version of ULPGM-V2. 2. It offers three modular warhead options, and the July 2025 trials were in the anti-armour configuration. 3. Its Development cum Production Partners were HAL and BEL. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
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Correct answer: C — 1 and 2 only
PIB: ULPGM-V3 enhances ULPGM-V2; it has three modular warheads and the trials were for the anti-armour configuration. The DcPPs were Adani Defence and Bharat Dynamics Limited, not HAL and BEL, so 3 is wrong.
The WHO External Expert Group Meeting held on 24-25 July 2025 with the Ministry of Ayush focused on draft WHO Technical Reports on training and practice in which system?
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Correct answer: D — Siddha
PIB (25 July 2025): the meeting focused on finalising the Draft WHO Technical Reports on Training and Practice in Siddha, with CCRS.
Under the DoP-NIPL initiative announced on 24 July 2025, UPI is to be integrated with which platform for inward remittances?
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Correct answer: D — Universal Postal Union (UPU) Interconnection Platform
PIB (24 July 2025): the partnership will leverage UPI and the Universal Postal Union (UPU) Interconnection Platform to create a remittance channel for the Indian diaspora.
Which organisation prepared the report 'Yoga and Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes' presented to the Health Minister in July 2025?
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Correct answer: B — Research Society for the Study of Diabetes in India
PIB (24 July 2025): the report was prepared by the Research Society for the Study of Diabetes in India (RSSDI), led by its past President Dr. S.V. Madhu.
The low-cost nano-sensor developed at NIT Calicut (reported July 2025) detects endotoxins to help in early diagnosis of:
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Correct answer: C — Sepsis
PIB (23 July 2025): the electrochemical biosensor device could help early diagnosis of sepsis; endotoxin from Gram-negative bacteria is the key biomarker.
Which of the following herbs was NOT among the four whose safety dossiers were reviewed at AIIA Goa in July 2025?
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Correct answer: D — Ashwagandha
PIB: the four herbs were Gokshura (Tribulus terrestris), Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum), Haridra (Curcuma longa) and Chandrashura (Lepidium sativum). Ashwagandha was not among them.
Where was the Ministry of Ayush's National Expert Committee meeting on herb safety dossiers held on 21-22 July 2025?
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Correct answer: A — All India Institute of Ayurveda, Goa
PIB: the meeting was held from 21 to 22 July 2025 at the All India Institute of Ayurveda (AIIA), Goa.
Where was the National Sickle Cell Anaemia Elimination Mission launched by the Prime Minister on 1 July 2023?
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Correct answer: C — Shahdol, Madhya Pradesh
PIB (22 July 2025): the mission was inaugurated on 1 July 2023 by the Prime Minister at Shahdol, Madhya Pradesh.
As of July 2025, how many people had been screened under the National Sickle Cell Anaemia Elimination Mission?
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Correct answer: A — 6 crore
PIB: 6 crore individuals have been screened against the target of 7 crore; 2.6 crore is the number of health cards distributed.
Consider the following statements about the National Sickle Cell Anaemia Elimination Mission: 1. It aims to eliminate sickle cell anaemia in India by 2047. 2. It targets universal screening of 7 crore people aged 0-40 years in affected tribal areas by FY 2025-26. 3. Screening uses validated Point-of-Care Testing kits. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
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Correct answer: D — 1, 2 and 3
PIB (22 July 2025): the mission aims at elimination by 2047 and universal screening of 7 crore people aged 0-40 in affected tribal areas by FY 2025-26, using validated POCT kits. All correct.
Which institute leads the Winter Fog Experiment (WiFEX), which completed 10 years in 2025?
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Correct answer: A — Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology
PIB (22 July 2025): WiFEX is led by the Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (IITM) under MoES, with support from IMD and NCMRWF.
Bose Institute researchers identified the AcSERK3 gene in pineapple (reported July 2025) as a defence against which disease?
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Correct answer: B — Fusariosis
PIB (22 July 2025): the AcSERK3 gene can activate host defences against Fusariosis, caused by Fusarium moniliforme.
Bharat NCX 2025, the National Cybersecurity Exercise that began on 21 July 2025, is conducted by the National Security Council Secretariat in collaboration with which institution?
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Correct answer: C — Rashtriya Raksha University
PIB (NSCS): the exercise is conducted by the NSCS in collaboration with Rashtriya Raksha University (RRU).
What is the theme of the National Cybersecurity Exercise Bharat NCX 2025?
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Correct answer: D — Enhancing the Operational Preparedness of Indian Cyberspace
PIB (NSCS): Bharat NCX 2025 introduces the focused theme 'Enhancing the Operational Preparedness of Indian Cyberspace'.
The 'Meri Panchayat' app won the WSIS Prizes 2025 Champion Award at the WSIS+20 High-Level Event 2025, organised by which body?
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Correct answer: C — International Telecommunication Union
PIB (Panchayati Raj): the honour was conferred during the WSIS+20 High-Level Event 2025, organised by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU).
The Kashi Declaration on a youth-led drug de-addiction movement was adopted at the Youth Spiritual Summit held in which city in July 2025?
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Correct answer: A — Varanasi
PIB (Youth Affairs): the summit culminated at the Rudraksh International Convention Centre in Varanasi on 20 July 2025 with the adoption of the Kashi Declaration.
What was the theme of the Youth Spiritual Summit held in Varanasi in July 2025?
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Correct answer: C — Nasha Mukt Yuva for Viksit Bharat
PIB: the Youth Spiritual Summit was held on the theme 'Nasha Mukt Yuva for Viksit Bharat'.
Consider the following statements about the Kashi Declaration (July 2025): 1. It sets a 10-year roadmap for a youth-led drug de-addiction movement. 2. It proposes the formation of a Joint National Committee for multi-ministerial coordination. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
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Correct answer: B — 2 only
PIB: the Kashi Declaration sets a 5-year roadmap, so 1 is wrong; it proposes mechanisms including a Joint National Committee, annual progress reporting and a national platform, so 2 is correct.
Which new lichen species from the Western Ghats was reported by MACS-Agharkar Research Institute in July 2025?
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Correct answer: C — Allographa effusosoredica
PIB (S&T): scientists uncovered a previously unknown lichen species, Allographa effusosoredica, from the Western Ghats.
The algal partner (photobiont) identified in the new lichen Allographa effusosoredica belongs to which genus?
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Correct answer: D — Trentepohlia
PIB (S&T): the integrative study unveiled its algal partner, a Trentepohlia species.
At the National Conference on Making Cities Cyber Secure (18 July 2025), MoHUA presented the mandatory appointment of which officials in cities?
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Correct answer: C — Chief Information Security Officers (CISOs)
PIB (MoHUA): the ministry presented city-level cybersecurity frameworks, the mandatory appointment of Chief Information Security Officers (CISOs) and the completion of cybersecurity audits.
The first high-resolution, continuous online measurements of key greenhouse gases in the Central Himalayas, reported in July 2025, were made by scientists of which institute?
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Correct answer: D — Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences, Nainital
PIB (DST): the study was performed by ARIES, an autonomous institute under DST, using data collected over five years at a high-altitude site in Nainital.
Consider the following findings of the ARIES study on greenhouse gases in the Central Himalayas: 1. Carbon dioxide reaches its lowest levels during daylight hours due to active photosynthesis. 2. Methane levels are highest in spring. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
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Correct answer: A — 1 only
PIB (DST): carbon dioxide reaches its lowest levels during daylight due to active photosynthesis, so 1 is correct; it is carbon dioxide that rises in spring, while methane is highest in autumn, so 2 is wrong.
From which test range were the Prithvi-II and Agni-I missiles test-fired on 17 July 2025?
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Correct answer: B — Integrated Test Range, Chandipur, Odisha
PIB (MoD): Prithvi-II and Agni-I were successfully test-fired from the Integrated Test Range in Chandipur, Odisha on July 17, 2025.
The test-firing of the Prithvi-II and Agni-I short-range ballistic missiles on 17 July 2025 was conducted under the aegis of:
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Correct answer: D — Strategic Forces Command
PIB (MoD): the tests were conducted under the aegis of the Strategic Forces Command.
At the CSC Diwas event on 16 July 2025, free AI training was announced for how many individuals, with priority for Village Level Entrepreneurs?
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Correct answer: B — 10 lakh
PIB (MeitY): among the key announcements was free AI training for 10 lakh individuals, with priority for all VLEs.
As stated at the CSC Diwas event in July 2025, the number of Common Service Centres has grown from about 83,000 in 2014 to nearly:
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Correct answer: D — 5.5 lakh
PIB (MeitY): MoS Jitin Prasada said there were only 83,000 CSC centres in 2014, and the number has grown to nearly 5.5 lakh.
Akash Prime, which destroyed two high-speed unmanned aerial targets on 16 July 2025, is the upgraded variant of the Akash Weapon System for which service?
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Correct answer: D — Indian Army
PIB (MoD): Akash Prime is the upgraded variant of the Akash Weapon System for the Indian Army.
Akash Prime, tested in Ladakh on 16 July 2025, is customised to operate at altitudes above:
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Correct answer: D — 4,500 metres
PIB (MoD): the weapon system is customised to operate in altitude above 4,500 metres and has an indigenously developed Radio Frequency seeker.
Consider the following statements about the Akash Prime trial of 16 July 2025: 1. It was conducted as part of the First of Production Model firing trial. 2. Akash Prime uses an imported infrared seeker. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
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Correct answer: A — 1 only
PIB (MoD): the trials were done as part of the First of Production Model firing trial, so 1 is correct; Akash Prime has an indigenously developed Radio Frequency seeker, so 2 is wrong.
According to the IIA study reported in July 2025, the great geomagnetic storm that began on 10 May 2024 and caused auroras over Ladakh was linked to a sequence of how many coronal mass ejections?
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Correct answer: D — Six
PIB (DST): the great geomagnetic storm that started on 10 May 2024 was linked to a rare sequence of six different CMEs erupting in succession.
Consider the following statements about the IIA study on the May 2024 solar storm: 1. The team found that the CMEs initially release heat but later absorb and hold onto it during their journey. 2. The rare chain of solar blasts was reported from IIA's Indian Astronomical Observatory at Hanle, Ladakh. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
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Correct answer: C — Both 1 and 2
PIB (DST): initially the CMEs release heat but then enter a state where they absorb and hold onto it; the six interacting solar blasts were reported from IIA's Indian Astronomical Observatory in Hanle, Ladakh. Both are correct.
Which foundation day of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) was celebrated on 16 July 2025?
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Correct answer: B — 97th
PIB (MoA&FW): Shri Shivraj Singh Chouhan attended the 97th Foundation Day celebration of ICAR at NASC Complex, Pusa, New Delhi.
Around what time (IST) did the Axiom-4 Dragon carrying Shubhanshu Shukla splash down on 15 July 2025?
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Correct answer: C — Shortly after 3 PM IST
ISRO: splashdown occurred on July 15, 2025 at approximately 15:03 hrs IST; NASA: 5:31 a.m. EDT (= 15:01 IST); PIB (DoS): shortly after 3 PM IST.
Where did the Axiom-4 crew capsule splash down on 15 July 2025?
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Correct answer: A — Pacific Ocean, off the coast of California
ISRO and NASA: the Dragon splashed down in the Pacific Ocean off the coast of California.
What was the name of the SpaceX Dragon spacecraft that brought the Axiom-4 crew back to Earth?
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Correct answer: B — Grace
PIB (DoS): Shukla returned to Earth in the SpaceX Dragon capsule 'Grace', which splashed down off the coast of San Diego.
Consider the following statements about the Axiom-4 mission: 1. Shubhanshu Shukla flew as the mission commander. 2. Shukla completed seven ISRO-led microgravity experiments aboard the ISS. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
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Correct answer: B — 2 only
PIB (Cabinet) and PIB (DoS): Shukla was Mission Pilot and Peggy Whitson was mission commander, so 1 is wrong; ISRO: Shukla completed a suite of seven microgravity experiments, so 2 is correct.
According to ISRO, after undocking from the ISS the Axiom-4 Dragon flew in Earth orbit for about how long before splashdown, and how many orbits did ISRO say the mission covered?
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Correct answer: D — About 22 hours 30 minutes; ~282 orbits
ISRO: after an Earth-orbiting free flight lasting nearly 22 hours and 30 minutes, the Dragon splashed down; ISRO titled the mission 'a saga of ~12 million kilometers and ~282 orbits aboard ISS'.