📑 Topics on this page (Jump to Topic):
📌 1. Origin
- Source: former USSR.
- Swaran Singh Committee (1976) suggested 8 duties; the 42nd Amendment (1976) added 10 duties in Part IVA, Art. 51A.
- The 86th Amendment (2002) added the 11th duty, 51A(k). Total now 11.
- The Verma Committee (1999) identified legal provisions for enforcing duties.
- Constitution Day 26 Nov — since 2015; duties apply only to citizens; non-justiciable.
📌 2. The 11 Fundamental Duties
| Clause | Duty |
|---|---|
| (a) | Abide by the Constitution; respect its ideals, institutions, National Flag and Anthem |
| (b) | Cherish and follow the noble ideals of the freedom struggle |
| (c) | Uphold sovereignty, unity and integrity of India |
| (d) | Defend the country and render national service when called |
| (e) | Promote harmony and brotherhood; renounce practices derogatory to women |
| (f) | Value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture |
| (g) | Protect natural environment (forests, lakes, rivers, wildlife); compassion for living creatures |
| (h) | Develop scientific temper, humanism and spirit of inquiry and reform |
| (i) | Safeguard public property; abjure violence |
| (j) | Strive towards excellence in all spheres |
| (k) | Parent/guardian to provide education opportunities to child aged 6–14 (86th, 2002) |
⚠️ Exam Traps:
- Voting, paying taxes, family planning are not fundamental duties (the Swaran Singh Committee suggested tax duty; not accepted).
- Part IVA has only one Article — 51A.
💡 Memory Tip: Many duties pair with DPSP: 51A(g) ↔ 48A; 51A(k) ↔ 21A/45.
📌 3. Practice MCQs
📝 Practice MCQs (prepared by SF Prep — not PYQs)
Q1. Fundamental Duties were added to the Constitution by which amendment? Practice
Correct answer: (C)
The 42nd Amendment added Part IVA and Art. 51A.
The 42nd Amendment added Part IVA and Art. 51A.
Q2. Which committee recommended Fundamental Duties? Practice
Correct answer: (D)
The Swaran Singh Committee (1976) suggested 8 duties.
The Swaran Singh Committee (1976) suggested 8 duties.
Q3. Fundamental Duties are inspired by the constitution of: Practice
Correct answer: (A)
The source is the former USSR.
The source is the former USSR.
Q4. How many Fundamental Duties are there at present? Practice
Correct answer: (B)
Originally 10; the 86th Amendment added the 11th.
Originally 10; the 86th Amendment added the 11th.
Q5. The 11th Fundamental Duty relates to: Practice
Correct answer: (A)
51A(k) — duty of parent/guardian (86th Amendment).
51A(k) — duty of parent/guardian (86th Amendment).
Q6. Fundamental Duties are in which Part of the Constitution? Practice
Correct answer: (C)
Part IVA, Art. 51A.
Part IVA, Art. 51A.
Q7. Which of these is NOT a Fundamental Duty? Practice
Correct answer: (D)
Voting is not a Fundamental Duty.
Voting is not a Fundamental Duty.
Q8. "Develop scientific temper, humanism and spirit of inquiry" is in which clause? Practice
Correct answer: (B)
51A(h).
51A(h).
Q9. The duty to protect the natural environment is in which clause? Practice
Correct answer: (B)
51A(g) — protect forests, lakes, rivers and wildlife.
51A(g) — protect forests, lakes, rivers and wildlife.
Q10. Which statement about Fundamental Duties is correct? Practice
Correct answer: (C)
Duties apply only to citizens, are non-justiciable and were added in 1976.
Duties apply only to citizens, are non-justiciable and were added in 1976.
Q11. Which committee identified legal provisions for enforcing Fundamental Duties? Practice
Correct answer: (D)
The Verma Committee listed laws like the Prevention of Insults to National Honour Act.
The Verma Committee listed laws like the Prevention of Insults to National Honour Act.
Q12. "Renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women" is in clause: Practice
Correct answer: (A)
51A(e) — harmony and brotherhood.
51A(e) — harmony and brotherhood.
Q13. How many duties did the Swaran Singh Committee suggest? Practice
Correct answer: (D)
The committee suggested 8; Parliament added 10.
The committee suggested 8; Parliament added 10.
Q14. "Safeguard public property and abjure violence" is in clause: Practice
Correct answer: (A)
51A(i).
51A(i).
Q15. How many Articles does Part IVA contain? Practice
Correct answer: (B)
Part IVA has only Art. 51A, with 11 clauses.
Part IVA has only Art. 51A, with 11 clauses.
Q16. "Respect the National Flag and National Anthem" is in clause: Practice
Correct answer: (C)
51A(a) — abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals.
51A(a) — abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals.
Q17. "Preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture" is in clause: Practice
Correct answer: (C)
51A(f).
51A(f).
Q18. Fundamental Duty 51A(g) complements which DPSP? Practice
Correct answer: (D)
Both relate to environmental protection.
Both relate to environmental protection.
Q19. Who was the Prime Minister when Fundamental Duties were added? Practice
Correct answer: (A)
1976 — Indira Gandhi government (during the Emergency).
1976 — Indira Gandhi government (during the Emergency).
Q20. "Defend the country and render national service when called upon" is in clause: Practice
Correct answer: (B)
51A(d).
51A(d).