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19 Indian History — Common Notes 🕒 Updated 2026-10-17
Common Notes SSC CGL · CHSL · Police · Bank · Railway Chapter 19

💥 Revolutionary Movements

Chapekar brothers, Anushilan-Yugantar, revolutionaries abroad, Ghadar Party, Kakori, HSRA and Bhagat Singh, Chittagong and the INA.

📌 1. First Phase (1897–1918)

  • Chapekar brothers (Damodar and Balkrishna) — killed Pune plague commissioner Rand in 1897; first political assassination.
  • Abhinav Bharat (1904) — V.D. Savarkar and Ganesh Savarkar; Nasik.
  • Bengal: Anushilan Samiti (Pramathanath Mitra, 1902), Yugantar group (Barindra Ghosh, Bhupendranath Datta).
  • Muzaffarpur bomb case (1908) — Khudiram Bose and Prafulla Chaki targeted judge Kingsford; Khudiram hanged → Alipore conspiracy case (Aurobindo acquitted).
  • Delhi conspiracy (1912) — Rash Behari Bose bombed Viceroy Hardinge.
Organisation abroadFounderPlace / year
India HouseShyamji Krishna VarmaLondon, 1905
Ghadar PartyLala Har Dayal, Sohan Singh BhaknaSan Francisco, 1913
Provisional Government of IndiaRaja Mahendra Pratap (PM: Barkatullah)Kabul, 1915
Indian Independence LeagueRash Behari BoseTokyo, 1942
  • In London Madan Lal Dhingra killed Curzon Wyllie (1909).
  • Komagata Maru (1914) — ship turned back from Canada; firing at Budge Budge (Calcutta).

📌 2. Second Phase (after 1920)

  • HRA (Hindustan Republican Association, 1924, Kanpur) — Sachindranath Sanyal, Ram Prasad Bismil.
  • Kakori train action — 9 August 1925, train carrying government cash looted; hanged — Ram Prasad Bismil, Ashfaqulla Khan, Rajendra Lahiri, Roshan Singh.
  • HSRA (1928, Feroz Shah Kotla, Delhi) — Chandrashekhar Azad, Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev; "Socialist" added.
  • Revenge for Lala Lajpat Rai's death — killing of Saunders (Lahore, Dec 1928).
  • 8 April 1929 — Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt threw bombs in the Central Legislative Assembly ("to make the deaf hear"), "Inquilab Zindabad".
  • 23 March 1931 — Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev and Rajguru hanged at Lahore (Shaheed Diwas). Chandrashekhar Azad died on 27 Feb 1931 at Alfred Park, Allahabad.
  • Chittagong armoury raid (18 April 1930) — Surya Sen ("Master Da"); Pritilata Waddedar, Kalpana Dutta.

📌 3. Subhas Chandra Bose & the INA

  • Bose was Congress president in 1938 (Haripura) and 1939 (Tripuri); formed the Forward Bloc in 1939.
  • The INA was first formed by Mohan Singh (1942); Bose took command in 1943; Azad Hind government at Singapore (21 October 1943); slogans "Delhi Chalo", "Give me blood and I will give you freedom", "Jai Hind".
  • Women's regiment — Rani Jhansi Regiment (Capt. Lakshmi Sahgal). Named Andaman and Nicobar "Shaheed" and "Swaraj" islands.
  • INA trials — Red Fort (1945); officers Shah Nawaz Khan, Prem Sahgal, Gurbaksh Singh Dhillon; defended by Bhulabhai Desai, Nehru.
⚠️ Exam Traps:
  • Bhagat Singh's partner in the Assembly bombing was Batukeshwar Dutt, not Rajguru; those hanged were Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev and Rajguru.
  • The INA was founded by Mohan Singh; Bose reorganised it.

📌 4. Practice MCQs

📝 Practice MCQs (prepared by SF Prep — not PYQs)
Q1. Where was the Ghadar Party founded (1913)? Practice
(A) London
(B) Tokyo
(C) Kabul
(D) San Francisco
Correct answer: (D)
Lala Har Dayal and Sohan Singh Bhakna founded it in San Francisco.
Q2. When did the Kakori train action take place? Practice
(A) 8 April 1929
(B) 18 April 1930
(C) 9 August 1925
(D) 23 March 1931
Correct answer: (C)
On 9 August 1925 the HRA looted government cash from a train near Kakori.
Q3. Who threw bombs in the Central Assembly (1929)? Practice
(A) Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt
(B) Bhagat Singh and Rajguru
(C) Sukhdev and Rajguru
(D) Azad and Bhagat Singh
Correct answer: (A)
On 8 April 1929 Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt threw the bombs.
Q4. When were Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev and Rajguru hanged? Practice
(A) 27 February 1931
(B) 13 April 1919
(C) 8 April 1929
(D) 23 March 1931
Correct answer: (D)
They were hanged in Lahore jail on 23 March 1931, now Shaheed Diwas.
Q5. Who led the Chittagong armoury raid? Practice
(A) Jatin Das
(B) Surya Sen
(C) Barindra Ghosh
(D) Rash Behari Bose
Correct answer: (B)
'Master Da' Surya Sen led it on 18 April 1930.
Q6. Who killed Pune plague commissioner Rand in 1897? Practice
(A) Savarkar brothers
(B) Khudiram Bose
(C) Madan Lal Dhingra
(D) Chapekar brothers
Correct answer: (D)
Damodar and Balkrishna Chapekar killed Rand.
Q7. Who founded India House (London, 1905)? Practice
(A) V.D. Savarkar
(B) Shyamji Krishna Varma
(C) Madan Lal Dhingra
(D) Lala Har Dayal
Correct answer: (B)
Shyamji Krishna Varma founded India House in London.
Q8. Where was the HSRA formed (1928)? Practice
(A) Kanpur
(B) Lahore
(C) Feroz Shah Kotla, Delhi
(D) Allahabad
Correct answer: (C)
In Sept 1928 at Feroz Shah Kotla, Delhi, the HRA became the HSRA.
Q9. Who first formed the Indian National Army? Practice
(A) Mohan Singh
(B) Subhas Chandra Bose
(C) Rash Behari Bose
(D) Shah Nawaz Khan
Correct answer: (A)
Captain Mohan Singh formed it in 1942; Bose took command in 1943.
Q10. 'Give me blood and I will give you freedom' is whose slogan? Practice
(A) Bhagat Singh
(B) Subhas Chandra Bose
(C) Chandrashekhar Azad
(D) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
Correct answer: (B)
It is Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose's famous slogan.
Q11. Where was the Azad Hind government set up (21 October 1943)? Practice
(A) Tokyo
(B) Rangoon
(C) Berlin
(D) Singapore
Correct answer: (D)
Bose set up the provisional government at Singapore.
Q12. Who was hanged for the Muzaffarpur bomb case (1908)? Practice
(A) Khudiram Bose
(B) Prafulla Chaki
(C) Barindra Ghosh
(D) Kanailal Dutt
Correct answer: (A)
Khudiram Bose was hanged; Prafulla Chaki shot himself before arrest.
Q13. Who bombed Viceroy Hardinge in 1912? Practice
(A) Sachindranath Sanyal
(B) Bhagat Singh
(C) Rash Behari Bose
(D) Kartar Singh Sarabha
Correct answer: (C)
In the Delhi conspiracy Rash Behari Bose (with Basanta Kumar Biswas) attacked him.
Q14. Who was NOT hanged in the Kakori case? Practice
(A) Chandrashekhar Azad
(B) Ram Prasad Bismil
(C) Ashfaqulla Khan
(D) Rajendra Lahiri
Correct answer: (A)
Azad was never caught; Bismil, Ashfaqulla, Lahiri and Roshan Singh were hanged.
Q15. What was the INA's women's regiment called? Practice
(A) Durga Vahini
(B) Rani Jhansi Regiment
(C) Kasturba Brigade
(D) Ahilya Dal
Correct answer: (B)
The Rani Jhansi Regiment was led by Capt. Lakshmi Sahgal.
Q16. Who killed Curzon Wyllie in London in 1909? Practice
(A) Udham Singh
(B) Shyamji Krishna Varma
(C) Madan Lal Dhingra
(D) V.D. Savarkar
Correct answer: (C)
Madan Lal Dhingra shot Curzon Wyllie in 1909.
Q17. To avenge Lala Lajpat Rai, Bhagat Singh and comrades killed which officer? Practice
(A) Scott
(B) Dyer
(C) Rand
(D) Saunders
Correct answer: (D)
They targeted James Scott but killed John Saunders in Dec 1928.
Q18. The Komagata Maru incident (1914) is linked with which country? Practice
(A) USA
(B) Japan
(C) Canada
(D) Britain
Correct answer: (C)
The ship carried Indians to Canada but they were refused entry.
Q19. Where did Chandrashekhar Azad die? Practice
(A) Alfred Park, Allahabad
(B) Lahore jail
(C) Kakori
(D) Kanpur
Correct answer: (A)
Surrounded by police, Azad died at Alfred Park, Allahabad, on 27 Feb 1931.
Q20. The Anushilan Samiti was a revolutionary body of which province? Practice
(A) Punjab
(B) Maharashtra
(C) Madras
(D) Bengal
Correct answer: (D)
Anushilan Samiti and Yugantar were the main revolutionary groups of Bengal.

📝 Practice questions

Indian History — Practice MCQs (Bilingual) Ch 19: Revolutionary Movements
📝 Test this chapter Practice questions

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