🕰️ Computer History कंप्यूटर का इतिहास
26 exam-ready facts · 26 MCQs
-
1
ENIAC was the first programmable, electronic, general-purpose digital computer; completed in 1945 and unveiled in 1946, it used vacuum tubes.
ENIAC = Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer, built by J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly at the University of Pennsylvania. Vacuum tubes mark the first generation.
Practice (1)
Q1Which electronic component was mainly used in ENIAC?
Show answer
Correct answer: D — Vacuum tubes
ENIAC was a first-generation computer that used about 18,000 vacuum tubes. -
2
The Intel 4004 (1971) was the first commercially available single-chip microprocessor.
It was a 4-bit CPU on a single chip. Microprocessors mark the fourth generation of computers.
Practice (1)
Q2Which was the first commercially available single-chip microprocessor?
Show answer
Correct answer: A — Intel 4004
The Intel 4004 was released in 1971; it was a 4-bit processor. -
3
The (point-contact) transistor was invented in 1947 at Bell Labs by John Bardeen and Walter Brattain; with William Shockley, all three shared the 1956 Nobel Prize in Physics.
Transistors mark the second generation of computers, replacing vacuum tubes.
Practice (1)
Q3In which laboratory was the transistor invented in 1947?
Show answer
Correct answer: A — Bell Labs
Bardeen and Brattain built the point-contact transistor at Bell Labs in 1947. -
4
Creeper (1971) is regarded as the first computer worm (self-replicating program), and Reaper as the first antivirus program, written to remove it.
Creeper ran on ARPANET and displayed "I'M THE CREEPER: CATCH ME IF YOU CAN".
Practice (1)
Q4Which program was created to remove 'Creeper', the first computer worm?
Show answer
Correct answer: D — Reaper
Reaper was written to delete Creeper, so it is regarded as the first antivirus. -
5
UNIVAC I (1951) is regarded as the first general-purpose electronic digital computer designed for business use in the United States.
Practice (1)
Q5Which is regarded as the first general-purpose computer designed for business use in the US?
Show answer
Correct answer: A — UNIVAC I
UNIVAC I was a business computer; ENIAC was built for military calculations. -
6
The integrated circuit (IC) was invented by Jack Kilby at Texas Instruments in 1958; Robert Noyce independently made a silicon IC in 1959. Kilby received the Nobel Prize in 2000.
Practice (1)
Q6Who received the Nobel Prize (2000) for inventing the integrated circuit?
Show answer
Correct answer: C — Jack Kilby
Kilby got the Nobel; Noyce had died in 1990. Shockley is linked with the transistor. -
7
Computer generations: first — vacuum tubes, second — transistors, third — integrated circuits (ICs), fourth — microprocessors.
Practice (1)
Q7What was mainly used in third-generation computers?
Show answer
Correct answer: B — Integrated circuits
First: vacuum tubes; second: transistors; third: ICs; fourth: microprocessors. -
8
The abacus is regarded as the oldest calculating device.
Practice (1)
Q8Which is regarded as the oldest calculating device?
Show answer
Correct answer: A — Abacus
The abacus is the oldest; the Pascaline (1642) was a mechanical calculator. -
9
Blaise Pascal built the mechanical calculator 'Pascaline' in 1642; it could add and subtract.
Practice (1)
Q9Who built the mechanical calculator 'Pascaline'?
Show answer
Correct answer: D — Blaise Pascal
Pascal built the Pascaline; Leibniz later built the Stepped Reckoner. -
10
Colossus (1943–45), a British code-breaking computer designed by Tommy Flowers, is regarded as the first programmable electronic digital computer.
Practice (1)
Q10Which British computer was built for code-breaking in World War II?
Show answer
Correct answer: B — Colossus
Colossus was British; ENIAC was American and the Z3 German (Konrad Zuse). -
11
Brain (1986) is regarded as the first computer virus for the IBM PC; it was created by brothers Basit and Amjad Farooq Alvi of Lahore, Pakistan.
Practice (1)
Q11Which is regarded as the first computer virus for the IBM PC?
Show answer
Correct answer: C — Brain
Brain (1986) was a PC virus; Creeper (1971) is regarded as the first worm. -
12
Herman Hollerith built the punched-card tabulating machine used in the 1890 US census; his company later became part of IBM.
Practice (1)
Q12Who built the punched-card machine used in the 1890 US census?
Show answer
Correct answer: A — Herman Hollerith
Hollerith's machine ran the census; Jacquard had used punched cards for looms. -
13
In computer science, 'Wetware' refers to the human brain or biological neurons functioning like a computer system.
It combines biological components with computing concepts.
Asked in SSC CGL 2016 (31 Aug, Shift 2)
Practice (1)
Q13Related to computers, what is 'Wetware' ?
Show answer
Correct answer: C — Human brain
Answer: (C)
The correct option is (C). -
14
An Integrated Circuit (IC), sometimes called a microchip, is a set of electronic circuits on one small flat piece of semiconductor material.
ICs revolutionized electronics by miniaturizing components.
Asked in SSC CGL 2016 (1 Sep, Shift 1)
Practice (1)
Q14The complete form of 'IC' in electronics is
Show answer
Correct answer: C — Integrated circuit
Answer: (C)
The correct option is (C). -
15
Emulators are hardware or software that enables one computer system to behave like another computer system.
They replicate the exact functionality of the target system.
Asked in SSC CGL 2016 (6 Sep, Shift 3)
Practice (1)
Q15Programs that duplicate the functionality of one system on another system is known as
Show answer
Correct answer: A — Emulators
Answer: (A)
The correct option is (A). -
16
A micro-operation is a low-level operation performed on data stored in CPU registers.
Micro-operations help execute machine instructions step-by-step.
Asked in SSC CGL 2016 (8 Sep, Shift 2)
Practice (1)
Q16Which of the following is the operation executed on data stored in registers?
Show answer
Correct answer: C — Micro-operation
Answer: (C)
The correct option is (C). -
17
A data hazard occurs in pipelined processors when the pipeline changes the order of read/write access to operands.
It leads to incorrect execution results if not handled properly.
Asked in SSC CGL 2016 (9 Sep, Shift 1)
Practice (1)
Q17In computer science, data hazard occurs when
Show answer
Correct answer: A — pipeline changes the order of read/write access to operands
Answer: (A)
The correct option is (A). -
18
The Central Processing Unit (CPU) consists of the Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU), registers, and the Control Unit.
These components together process all instructions and data.
Asked in SSC CGL 2016 (9 Sep, Shift 3)
Practice (1)
Q18C. P. U. consists of
Show answer
Correct answer: B — Arithmetic and Logical unit, Register and Control unit
Answer: (B)
The correct option is (B). -
19
In computer terminology, a bug is an error, flaw, or fault in a computer program that causes it to produce an incorrect result.
Debugging is the process of finding and fixing these bugs.
Asked in SSC CGL 2017 (9 Aug, Shift 2)
Practice (1)
Q19What is a bug in computer terminology?
Show answer
Correct answer: C — An error in program
Answer: (C)
A bug is an error or fault in a program. -
20
Bitmap graphics store digital photos and scanned images using pixel grids with extensions like .bmp, .png, .jpg, .tif, or .gif.
Each pixel contains specific color and brightness information.
Asked in SSC CGL 2017 (8 Aug, Shift 2)
Practice (1)
Q20In which graphics, digital photos and scanned images are typically stored with extensions such as.bmp, .png, .jpg, .tif or.gif?
Show answer
Correct answer: A — Bitmap
Answer: (A)
BMP, PNG, JPG, TIFF and GIF images are bitmap (raster) graphics made of pixels.