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🛡️ Defence & Security 📍 Morocco Must know

Rajnath Singh inaugurates Tata Advanced Systems' armoured vehicle plant in Morocco

Defence Minister Rajnath Singh and Morocco's Defence Minister Abdelatif Loudyi jointly inaugurated Tata Advanced Systems Limited's Wheeled Armoured Platform plant in Berrechid, Morocco, on 23 September 2025.

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💹 Economy 📍 India Must know

GST 2.0 takes effect: two main rates of 5% and 18%, special 40% de-merit rate

The next-generation GST rate changes recommended by the 56th GST Council took effect on 22 September 2025, replacing the four-tier structure with a Merit Rate of 5% and a Standard Rate of 18%.

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🔬 Research & Discoveries 📍 India Must know

India gets exclusive rights to explore polymetallic sulphides in Carlsberg Ridge; first country with two PMS contracts

India signed a 15-year contract with the International Seabed Authority for exclusive rights to explore polymetallic sulphides in 10,000 sq km of the Carlsberg Ridge in the Indian Ocean, Dr. Jitendra Singh announced on 20 September 2025.

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🌐 International Relations 📍 United States Must know

US proclamation requires $100,000 payment for new H-1B petitions; MEA flags humanitarian consequences

US President Donald Trump signed a proclamation on 19 September 2025 restricting entry of H-1B specialty-occupation workers unless their petitions carry a $100,000 payment; India's MEA said on 20 September that the full implications were being studied.

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🔬 IT, AI & Digital 📍 India Must know

MeitY unveils logo and flagship initiatives of India-AI Impact Summit 2026; eight foundation model projects launched

The Ministry of Electronics and IT unveiled the logo and flagship initiatives of the India-AI Impact Summit 2026 on 18 September 2025 and launched eight indigenous foundation model projects.

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🎭 Art & Culture 📍 India Must know

Seven Indian natural heritage sites added to UNESCO's Tentative List; India's count rises to 69

The Ministry of Culture announced on 18 September 2025 that seven natural heritage sites from India were added to UNESCO's Tentative List of World Heritage Sites, taking India's count from 62 to 69.

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📅 Important Days & Themes 📍 India Must know

India marks 31st World Ozone Day; 67.5% HCFC reduction target achieved

The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change marked the 31st World Ozone Day in New Delhi on 16 September 2025 on the theme 'From science to global action', with UNDP noting India achieved its 67.5% HCFC reduction target.

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🏅 Chess 📍 Uzbekistan Must know

Vaishali wins FIDE Women's Grand Swiss again, qualifies for 2026 Candidates

Indian grandmaster Vaishali Rameshbabu won the FIDE Women's Grand Swiss 2025 in Samarkand, Uzbekistan on 15 September 2025, becoming the first player to win the event twice in a row and qualifying for the 2026 Women's Candidates.

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🏛️ Judiciary & Judgements 📍 India Must know

Supreme Court refuses to stay Waqf Amendment Act, but pauses key provisions

On 15 September 2025, the Supreme Court declined to stay the Waqf (Amendment) Act, 2025 as a whole but stayed the five-year 'practising Islam' condition and the Collector's powers over disputed waqf property.

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🔬 Research & Discoveries 📍 India Must know

India signs second PMS exploration contract with ISA for Carlsberg Ridge

India signed a 15-year contract with the International Seabed Authority in New Delhi on 15 September 2025 to explore polymetallic sulphides in 10,000 sq km of the Carlsberg Ridge, becoming the first country with two PMS contracts.

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🛡️ Defence & Security 📍 India Must know

Rajnath Singh approves Defence Procurement Manual 2025

Defence Minister Rajnath Singh approved the Defence Procurement Manual 2025 on 14 September 2025 to simplify revenue procurement for the armed forces, replacing the manual last promulgated in 2009.

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🏅 Other Sports 📍 United Kingdom Must know

Minakshi and Jaismine win gold as India's women take four medals at World Boxing Championships

Minakshi Hooda won the women's 48kg title on 14 September 2025 after Jaismine Lamboria took the 57kg gold, giving India two golds, a silver and a bronze at the World Boxing Championships in Liverpool.

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🏛️ Polity & Governance 📍 India Must know

C.P. Radhakrishnan sworn in as 15th Vice President of India

C.P. Radhakrishnan took oath as the 15th Vice President of India and Chairman of the Rajya Sabha on 12 September 2025, administered by President Droupadi Murmu at Rashtrapati Bhavan.

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🌐 Bilateral Relations 📍 Mauritius Must know

Mauritius PM Ramgoolam's state visit: India announces special economic package in Varanasi

Prime Minister Narendra Modi hosted Mauritius Prime Minister Navinchandra Ramgoolam in Varanasi on 11 September 2025, where India announced a special economic package of grant and grant-cum-credit projects and the two sides signed seven agreements.

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🌐 International Relations 📍 Nepal Must know

Nepal PM K.P. Sharma Oli resigns after Gen Z protests; India's CCS reviews situation

Nepal's Prime Minister K.P. Sharma Oli resigned on 9 September 2025 after youth-led protests sparked by a social media ban turned deadly, and Prime Minister Narendra Modi chaired a Cabinet Committee on Security meeting on Nepal the same evening.

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🏛️ Elections 📍 India Must know

C.P. Radhakrishnan elected Vice President with 452 votes; B. Sudershan Reddy gets 300

NDA nominee C.P. Radhakrishnan was declared elected Vice President of India on 9 September 2025 by Returning Officer P.C. Mody, securing 452 first-preference votes against 300 for B. Sudershan Reddy.

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💹 Banking & RBI 📍 United Arab Emirates Must know

India launches UPI–UPU integration at 28th Universal Postal Congress in Dubai

Communications Minister Jyotiraditya Scindia unveiled the UPI–UPU Integration project at the 28th Universal Postal Congress in Dubai on 9 September 2025, linking India's UPI with the Universal Postal Union's Interconnection Platform for cross-border remittances.

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💹 Trade & Industry 📍 Israel Must know

India and Israel sign Bilateral Investment Agreement in New Delhi

India and Israel signed a Bilateral Investment Agreement (BIA) in New Delhi on 8 September 2025, signed by Finance Ministers Nirmala Sitharaman and Bezalel Smotrich.

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🌐 International Relations 📍 Japan Must know

Japan's Prime Minister Shigeru Ishiba announces resignation

Japanese Prime Minister Shigeru Ishiba announced on 7 September 2025 that he would resign as prime minister and as president of the Liberal Democratic Party, after his party's defeats in elections.

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🌐 Bilateral Relations 📍 France Must know

PM Modi and President Macron review India–France partnership; Macron to attend AI Impact Summit

Prime Minister Narendra Modi spoke with French President Emmanuel Macron on 6 September 2025, reviewing bilateral cooperation, discussing the Ukraine conflict, and thanking him for accepting the invitation to India's AI Impact Summit in February 2026.

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🌐 International Relations 📍 Thailand Must know

Thailand's parliament elects Anutin Charnvirakul as Prime Minister

Thailand's House of Representatives elected Bhumjaithai Party leader Anutin Charnvirakul as Prime Minister on 5 September 2025 with 311 votes, defeating Pheu Thai's Chaikasem Nitisiri.

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🎓 Education 📍 India Must know

NIRF India Rankings 2025: IIT Madras tops overall for seventh straight year; SDG category added

Education Minister Dharmendra Pradhan released the India Rankings 2025 under NIRF on 4 September 2025, with IIT Madras first overall for the seventh consecutive year and IISc Bengaluru topping universities.

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🌐 Bilateral Relations 📍 Singapore Must know

India and Singapore adopt roadmap for Comprehensive Strategic Partnership during PM Lawrence Wong's visit

Prime Ministers Narendra Modi and Lawrence Wong held talks in New Delhi on 4 September 2025 and issued a Joint Statement on the Roadmap for the India–Singapore Comprehensive Strategic Partnership, in the 60th year of diplomatic ties.

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📋 Central Schemes 📍 India Must know

Cabinet approves ₹1,500 crore incentive scheme for critical mineral recycling

The Union Cabinet on 3 September 2025 approved a ₹1,500 crore incentive scheme under the National Critical Mineral Mission to build capacity for extracting critical minerals from e-waste, battery scrap and other secondary sources.

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💹 Economy 📍 India Must know

56th GST Council approves two-rate GST of 5% and 18%, with 40% de-merit rate

The 56th GST Council, chaired by Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman in New Delhi on 3 September 2025, approved replacing the four-tier GST structure with a two-rate system of 5% and 18%, plus a 40% de-merit rate, effective 22 September 2025.

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🌐 Bilateral Relations 📍 Russia Must know

PM Modi meets President Putin on SCO sidelines in Tianjin; looks forward to 23rd Annual Summit in India

Prime Minister Narendra Modi met Russian President Vladimir Putin on the sidelines of the SCO Summit in Tianjin on 1 September 2025, discussing economic, financial and energy cooperation and the conflict in Ukraine.

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🌐 Summits & Conferences 📍 China Must know

PM Modi at 25th SCO Summit in Tianjin; Tianjin Declaration condemns Pahalgam attack

Prime Minister Narendra Modi attended the 25th SCO Council of Heads of State in Tianjin, China (31 August–1 September 2025), where member states adopted the Tianjin Declaration strongly condemning the 22 April Pahalgam terror attack.

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🌐 Bilateral Relations 📍 China Must know

PM Modi meets Chinese President Xi Jinping in Tianjin; both call India and China partners, not rivals

Prime Minister Narendra Modi met Chinese President Xi Jinping on the sidelines of the SCO Summit in Tianjin on 31 August 2025, their first meeting since Kazan in October 2024.

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🌐 Bilateral Relations 📍 Japan Must know

PM Modi and PM Ishiba visit Tokyo Electron's Sendai plant; Modi meets 16 Japanese Prefecture Governors

On 30 August 2025, the second day of his visit to Japan, Prime Minister Narendra Modi met 16 Prefecture Governors and travelled with Japanese PM Shigeru Ishiba to Sendai to visit the semiconductor firm Tokyo Electron Miyagi.

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💹 GDP, Inflation & Economic Data 📍 India Must know

India's real GDP grows 7.8% in Q1 (April–June) of FY 2025-26, says NSO

The National Statistics Office estimated on 29 August 2025 that India's real GDP grew 7.8% in April–June 2025, up from 6.5% a year earlier, led by a 9.3% rise in the services sector.

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